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In the 4th century BC steel weapons like the Falcata were produced in the Iberian Peninsula, while Noric steel was used by the Roman military. The Chinese of the Warring States (403–221 BC) had quench-hardened steel, while Chinese of the Han Dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) created steel by melting together wrought iron with cast iron, gaining an ...
In 1856, Fried. Krupp A.G., produced a 9 cm (6-Pfünder-Feldkanone C/61) muzzle-loading rifled gun of cast steel, which gave such good results that Prussia adopted steel for making army guns, which made Prussia the first country to do so. Krupp guns were purchased by the Russian, Austrian, and the Ottoman Empire armies during the 1860s.
Steel was known in antiquity, and may have been produced by managing the bloomery so that the bloom contained carbon.Some of the first steel comes from East Africa, dating back to 1400 BC in Tanzania.
So the start of your graph's rise in steel is when they could finally get enough heat to make steel and use the puddling process. Your rise between 1820-1840 was from the amount of steel needed still using traditional methods. Steel would be the metal gun chambers, high pressure engine parts, knife edges, and other industrial equipment needed.
In the fourteenth century mirrors were made by coating plates of glass with an amalgam of tin and mercury. English settlers introduced glass making into America. The first manufacturing establishment in America was a glass factory. This was erected at the beginning of the seventeenth century at James Towne, Virginia.
Bog iron continued to be used right up to recent times. When the American colonies began their iron working industry, bog iron was their first source of ore (see Saugus Iron Works). Hematite. The Romans were the ones who really geared up, producing large quantities of not just iron, but steel. This was a key factor in their success.
First of all, swords are made from steel and casting steel is an advanced technology not available in the 17th century. Swords and all other steel tools are forged, which means that the steel ingot is hammered into shape. The rapier was original to Toledo and at one time that city exported swords to all parts of Europe.
However, the first mechanical automata we're made in the 18th century as sophisticated mechanical toys. In 1926, the first "modern" robot was built by Westinghouse - it was the first robot that ...
Many still used stone tools: North American tribes used flint, while some Mesoamerican cultures used obsidian. Andean and other civilizations worked precious metals for decorative purposes. I was made aware in the comments that some cultures had indeed adopted bronze working, or even used meteoric iron.
Steel was commercially produced before the Bessemer converter by a "puddle" process. Replacing the puddle workers with the Bessemer process lead to the Homestead (Pinkerton) riot. Good spring steel is more than low carbon. It also requires alloying with larger metal constituents to pin the metal polycrystals in place.