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John Burdon Sanderson Haldane FRS (/ ˈhɔːldeɪn /; 5 November 1892 – 1 December 1964 [1][2]), nicknamed "Jack" or "JBS", [3] was a British-Indian scientist who worked in physiology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and mathematics. With innovative use of statistics in biology, he was one of the founders of neo-Darwinism.
Paper is a thin nonwoven material traditionally made from a combination of milled plant and textile fibres. The first paper-like plant-based writing sheet was papyrus in Egypt, but the first true papermaking process was documented in China during the Eastern Han period (25–220 AD), traditionally attributed to the court official Cai Lun.
Colonial era (1858–1947 CE) Jagadish Chandra Bose laid the foundations of experimental science in the Indian subcontinent. [128] He is considered one of the fathers of radio science. [129] Extent of the railway network in India in 1871; construction had begun in 1856.
Charles Robert Darwin FRS FRGS FLS FZS JP [5] (/ ˈdɑːrwɪn / [6] DAR-win; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, [7] widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended from a common ancestor is now generally accepted and ...
The history of biology traces the study of the living world from ancient to modern times. Although the concept of biology as a single coherent field arose in the 19th century, the biological sciences emerged from traditions of medicine and natural history reaching back to Ayurveda, ancient Egyptian medicine and the works of Aristotle, Theophrastus and Galen in the ancient Greco-Roman world.
The Columbian exchange, also known as the Columbian interchange, was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, precious metals, commodities, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the New World (the Americas) in the Western Hemisphere, and the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) in the Eastern Hemisphere, in the late 15th and following centuries. [1]
Born on 6 August 1881 at Lochfield farm near Darvel, in Ayrshire, Scotland, Alexander Fleming was the third of four children of farmer Hugh Fleming and Grace Stirling Morton, the daughter of a neighbouring farmer. Hugh Fleming had four surviving children from his first marriage. He was 59 at the time of his second marriage to Grace, and died ...
India paper is a type of paper which from 1875 has been based on bleached hemp and rag fibres, that produced a very thin, tough opaque white paper. It has a basis weight of 20 pounds (30 g/m 2 ; typical office paper is 80 g/m 2 ), yet bulks 1,000 pages to the inch (390 per centimetre).