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Chemical synthesis (chemical combination) is the artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain one or several products. [1] This occurs by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions. In modern laboratory uses, the process is reproducible and reliable. A chemical synthesis involves one or more compounds ...
Organic synthesis is a branch of chemical synthesis concerned with the construction of organic compounds. Organic compounds are molecules consisting of combinations of covalently-linked hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. Within the general subject of organic synthesis, there are many different types of synthetic routes that can be ...
The Williamson ether synthesis is an organic reaction, forming an ether from an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol (alkoxide). This reaction was developed by Alexander Williamson in 1850. [2] Typically it involves the reaction of an alkoxide ion with a primary alkyl halide via an S N 2 reaction. This reaction is important in the history of ...
gabriel-synthesis. RSC ontology ID. RXNO:0000103. The Gabriel synthesis is a chemical reaction that transforms primary alkyl halides into primary amines. Traditionally, the reaction uses potassium phthalimide. [1][2][3] The reaction is named after the German chemist Siegmund Gabriel. [4]
Total synthesis is the complete chemical synthesis of a complex molecule, often a natural product, from simple, commercially-available precursors. [1][2][3][4] It usually refers to a process not involving the aid of biological processes, which distinguishes it from semisynthesis. Syntheses may sometimes conclude at a precursor with further ...
Friedel–Crafts reactions have been used in the synthesis of several triarylmethane and xanthene dyes. [26] Examples are the synthesis of thymolphthalein (a pH indicator) from two equivalents of thymol and phthalic anhydride: A reaction of phthalic anhydride with resorcinol in the presence of zinc chloride gives the fluorophore fluorescein.
The Doebner–Miller reaction is the organic reaction of an aniline with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to form quinolines. [1][2][3][4][5] This reaction is also known as the Skraup-Doebner-Von Miller quinoline synthesis, and is named after the Czech chemist Zdenko Hans Skraup (1850–1910), and the Germans Oscar Döbner (Doebner) (1850 ...
The Friedländer synthesis is a chemical reaction of 2-aminobenzaldehydes [ 1] with ketones to form quinoline derivatives. [ 2][ 3] It is named after German chemist Paul Friedländer (1857–1923). This reaction has been catalyzed by trifluoroacetic acid, [ 4] toluenesulfonic acid, [ 5] iodine, [ 6] and Lewis acids. [ 7]
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