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Harmonious labeling. A "harmonious labeling" on a graph G is an injection from the vertices of G to the group of integers modulo k, where k is the number of edges of G, that induces a bijection between the edges of G and the numbers modulo k by taking the edge label for an edge (x, y) to be the sum of the labels of the two vertices x, y (mod k ...
A graph with six vertices and seven edges. In discrete mathematics, particularly in graph theory, a graph is a structure consisting of a set of objects where some pairs of the objects are in some sense "related". The objects are represented by abstractions called vertices (also called nodes or points) and each of the related pairs of vertices ...
In terms of graph theory, a property graph is a directed multigraph , whose vertices /nodes represent the entities of the corresponding data structure. Properties take the form of key-value pairs, as used for example in JSON. Keys are defined by character strings. Values are either numeric or also character strings.
The network graph formed by Wikipedia editors (edges) contributing to different Wikipedia language versions (vertices) during one month in summer 2013. [6] Graphs can be used to model many types of relations and processes in physical, biological, [7] [8] social and information systems. [9] Many practical problems can be represented by graphs.
The Google Chart API allows a variety of graphs to be created. Livegap Charts creates line, bar, spider, polar-area and pie charts, and can export them as images without needing to download any tools. Veusz is a free scientific graphing tool that can produce 2D and 3D plots. Users can use it as a module in Python.
A vertex-signed graph, sometimes called a marked graph, is a graph whose vertices are given signs. A circle is called consistent (but this is unrelated to logical consistency) or harmonious if the product of its vertex signs is positive, and inconsistent or inharmonious if the product is negative. There is no simple characterization of ...
A graceful labeling. Vertex labels are in black, edge labels in red.. In graph theory, a graceful labeling of a graph with m edges is a labeling of its vertices with some subset of the integers from 0 to m inclusive, such that no two vertices share a label, and each edge is uniquely identified by the absolute difference between its endpoints, such that this magnitude lies between 1 and m ...
The clique-width of a graph G is the minimum number of distinct labels needed to construct G by operations that create a labeled vertex, form the disjoint union of two labeled graphs, add an edge connecting all pairs of vertices with given labels, or relabel all vertices with a given label. The graphs of clique-width at most 2 are exactly the ...