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Flipism, sometimes spelled " flippism ", is a personal philosophy under which decisions are made by flipping a coin. It originally appeared in the Donald Duck Disney comic "Flip Decision" [1][2] by Carl Barks, published in 1953. Barks called a practitioner of "flipism" a "flippist". [3][4]
Commitment scheme. A commitment scheme is a cryptographic primitive that allows one to commit to a chosen value (or chosen statement) while keeping it hidden to others, with the ability to reveal the committed value later. [1] Commitment schemes are designed so that a party cannot change the value or statement after they have committed to it ...
For example, if x represents a sequence of coin flips, then the associated Bernoulli sequence is the list of natural numbers or time-points for which the coin toss outcome is heads. So defined, a Bernoulli sequence Z x {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} ^{x}} is also a random subset of the index set, the natural numbers N {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} } .
Coin flipping, coin tossing, or heads or tails is the practice of throwing a coin in the air and checking which side is showing when it lands, in order to randomly choose between two alternatives. It is a form of sortition which inherently has two possible outcomes. The party who calls the side that is facing up when the coin lands wins.
Fair coin. A fair coin, when tossed, should have an equal chance of landing either side up. In probability theory and statistics, a sequence of independent Bernoulli trials with probability 1/2 of success on each trial is metaphorically called a fair coin. One for which the probability is not 1/2 is called a biased or unfair coin.
Quantum coin flipping uses the principles of quantum mechanics to encrypt messages for secure communication. It is a cryptographic primitive which can be used to construct more complex and useful cryptographic protocols, [2] e.g. Quantum Byzantine agreement .
St. Petersburg paradox. The St. Petersburg paradox or St. Petersburg lottery[1] is a paradox involving the game of flipping a coin where the expected payoff of the lottery game is infinite but nevertheless seems to be worth only a very small amount to the participants. The St. Petersburg paradox is a situation where a naïve decision criterion ...
Coin manipulation is the art of manipulating coins in skillful flourishes, usually on or around the hands. [ 1] Although not always considered coin magic, the flourishes are sometimes used in magic shows. The difficulty of the trick ranges greatly, from some that take a few minutes to accomplish, to much more complex ones that can take months ...
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