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  2. Exhaust gas recirculation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation

    The goal of EGR is thus to reduce NO x production by reducing the combustion temperatures. In modern diesel engines, the EGR gas is usually cooled with a heat exchanger to allow the introduction of a greater mass of recirculated gas. However, uncooled EGR designs do exist; these are often referred to as hot-gas recirculation (HGR).

  3. MAP sensor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor

    The way they do this is during a deceleration of the vehicle when there is low absolute pressure in the intake manifold (i.e., a high vacuum present in the intake manifold relative to the outside air) the powertrain control module (PCM) will open the EGR valve and then monitor the MAP sensor's values. If the EGR is functioning properly, the ...

  4. BMW M47 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M47

    The all-wheel drive BMW X3 and rear-wheel drive BMW 320d models, built approximately between September 2001 and December 2004, were fitted with the M47TÜ ("M47 Technical Update"). The exact production week is not known and was probably later than Production Week 33 in 2001 (e.g. one cannot rely on a UK 51 plate registered BMW 320d to have the ...

  5. BMW N63 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_N63

    The S63 is the BMW M version of the N63, which debuted in the BMW X6 M and was used in the BMW M5 models from 2011 to 2023. The S63 uses two twin-scroll turbochargers plus a pulse tuned, cross-engine exhaust manifold [ 8 ] to keep constant exhaust pulses flowing to the turbos at every 180 degree rotation.

  6. BMW N47 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_N47

    BMW N47 is a four-cylinder common rail diesel engine that has many improvements over its predecessor, the M47. In 2014 it was replaced with the B47 . The USA market never received B47 engine.

  7. Secondary air injection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection

    Pumped air injection systems use a vane pump called the air pump, AIR pump, or colloquially "smog pump" turned by the engine via a belt or electric motor.The pump's air intake is filtered by a rotating screen or the vehicle air filter to exclude dirt particles large enough to damage the system.

  8. Engine braking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_braking

    Exhaust gas recirculator (EGR) valve redirects exhaust gas back into the engine intake, often through a restricted/narrow pipe. Diesel particulate filter (DPF) is designed to capture soot particles that would otherwise be released into the atmosphere; it greatly obstructs exhaust flow and can sap almost as much power as a small air conditioning ...

  9. Variable-geometry turbocharger - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-geometry_turbocharger

    Volvo FM VGT diesel engine with EGR emissions technology. Variable-geometry turbochargers (VGTs), occasionally known as variable-nozzle turbochargers (VNTs), are a type of turbochargers, usually designed to allow the effective aspect ratio (A/R ratio) of the turbocharger to be altered as conditions change. This is done with the use of ...