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Lipid-based carriers include both liposomes and micelles. Examples of gold nanoparticles are gold nanoshells and nanocages. [3] Different types of nanomaterial being used in nanocarriers allows for hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs to be delivered throughout the body. [5]
It can be directed to the location of cancer cells with sustained release behavior. Studies have also been done on gold nanoparticle responses to local near-infrared (NIR) light as a stimuli for drug release. In one study, gold nanoparticles functionalized with double-stranded DNA encapsulated with drug molecules, were irradiated with NIR light.
In photothermal cancer therapy, many gold nanoparticle molecules are used in each test and they must all be uniform in size. Including PEG coating, the nanoparticles measured to be ~130 nm in diameter. [1] Gold nanoparticles that act as drug delivery systems in conjugation with chemotherapeutic drugs typically range in size from 10 to 100 nm. [2]
Along with delivery and transport methods, there are several means of functionalizing, or activating, the nanoparticle carriers. These means include dissolving or absorbing a drug throughout the nanoparticle, encapsulating a drug inside the particle, or attaching a drug on the surface of the particle. [2]
There are different types of drug delivery vehicles, such as polymeric micelles, liposomes, lipoprotein-based drug carriers, nano-particle drug carriers, dendrimers, etc. An ideal drug delivery vehicle must be non-toxic, biocompatible, non-immunogenic, biodegradable, [5] and must avoid recognition by the host's defense mechanisms [3].
One potential application is based on small electromechanical systems, such as nanoelectromechanical systems being investigated for the active release of drugs and sensors for possible cancer treatment with iron nanoparticles or gold shells. [34] Another system of drug delivery involving nanoparticles is the use of aquasomes, self-assembled ...
This is accomplished by coating the outside of a nanoparticle with iron oxide (allowing for easy tracking with an MRI machine), then once the area of the tumor is coated with the drug-filled nanoparticles, the nanoparticles can be activated using resonant light waves to release the drug.
Intranasal delivery of carbamazepine nanoparticles increase antiepileptic drug bioavailability. [16] Administering a self-assembling hydrogel with neuroactive drugs to treat Parkinson's disease appears to be biocompatible, low in toxicity, and have a good recovery capacity.