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The VACTERL association (also VATER association, and less accurately VACTERL syndrome) refers to a recognized group of birth defects which tend to co-occur (see below).This pattern is a recognized association, as opposed to a syndrome, because there is no known pathogenetic cause to explain the grouped incidence.
This can be accomplished by a ventricular septal defect (VSD) connecting the left ventricle to the pulmonary artery or by a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) connecting the aorta to the pulmonary artery. In the latter case, prostaglandin E1 is used to maintain the PDA connection until emergency corrective surgery can be completed.
In both conditions, the presence of a patent ductus arteriosus (and, when hypoplasia affects the right side of the heart, a patent foramen ovale) is vital to the infant's ability to survive until emergency heart surgery can be performed, since without these pathways blood cannot circulate to the body (or lungs, depending on which side of the ...
Symptoms may appear at birth or after birth. The severity of symptoms depends on the type of TGV, and the type and size of other heart defects that may be present (ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or patent ductus arteriosus). Most babies with TGA have blue skin color (cyanosis) in the first hours or days of their lives, since ...
VSD, ventricular septal defect, is the most common type of heart defect in infants. If an infant has a large VSD it can result into heart failure. [23] Infants with a smaller VSD have a 96% survival rate and those with a moderate VSD have about an 86% survival rate. [citation needed] Lastly, NTD, neural tube defect, is a defect that forms in ...
Value sensitive design (VSD) is a theoretically grounded approach to the design of technology that accounts for human values in a principled and comprehensive manner. [1] [2] VSD originated within the field of information systems design [3] and human-computer interaction [4] to address design issues within the fields by emphasizing the ethical values of direct and indirect stakeholders.
Sophomore wide receiver Eric Singleton Jr., one of the top skill-position targets in the transfer portal, is headed to Auburn to catch passes from Jackson Arnold.
cyanotic d-TGA + VSD neonate (unpalliated and pre-operative) Due to the low oxygen saturation of the blood, cyanosis will appear in peripheral areas: around the mouth and lips, fingertips, and toes; these areas are furthest from the heart, and since the circulated blood is not fully oxygenated to begin with, very little oxygen reaches the peripheral arteries. [2]