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The overlap angle is usually referred to by the symbol μ (or u), and may be 20 30° at full load. With supply inductance taken into account, the output voltage of the rectifier is reduced to V d c = V a v = 3 V L L p e a k π ⋅ cos ( α + μ ) . {\displaystyle V_{\mathrm {dc} }=V_{\mathrm {av} }={\frac {3V_{\mathrm {LLpeak} }}{\pi ...
Molecular distillation is vacuum distillation below the pressure of 0.01 torr. 0.01 torr is one order of magnitude above high vacuum, where fluids are in the free molecular flow regime, i.e., the mean free path of molecules is comparable to the size of the equipment. The gaseous phase no longer exerts significant pressure on the substance to be ...
Shanghai becomes a symbol of the recent economic boom of China. Between 1999 and 2009, according to the World Bank statistics for GDP: [ 140 ] [ 141 ] The world economy by nominal GDP almost doubled in size from U.S. $30.21 trillion in 1999 to U.S. $58.23 trillion in 2009.