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The pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia passes in front of the carotid sheath (i.e., common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve) and in front of the cervical viscera (larynx, oesophagus, and pharynx). The muscular layer ensheathes the infrahyoid muscles. Above, the pretracheal fascia is fixed to the hyoid bone.
The carotid sheath is a condensation of the deep cervical fascia [1]: 578 enveloping multiple vital neurovascular structures of the neck, [2] including the common and internal carotid arteries, the internal jugular vein, the vagus nerve (CN X), and ansa cervicalis. [1]: 578 [2] The carotid sheath helps protects the structures contained therein. [2]
The buccopharyngeal fascia is a thin lamina given off from the pretracheal fascia. [citation needed] It is the portion of the pretracheal fascia situated posterior and lateral to the pharynx. It encloses the entire superior part of the alimentary canal. [3] The buccopharyngeal fascia envelops the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles.
The deep cervical fascia (or fascia colli in older texts) lies under cover of the platysma, and invests the muscles of the neck; it also forms sheaths for the carotid vessels, and for the structures situated in front of the vertebral column. Its attachment to the hyoid bone prevents the formation of a dewlap. [1]
The investing layer of deep cervical fascia is the most superficial part of the deep cervical fascia, and encloses the whole neck. It is considered by some sources to be incomplete [ 1 ] or nonexistent.
In the head and neck, potential spaces are primarily defined by the complex attachment of muscles, especially mylohyoid, buccinator, masseter, medial pterygoid, superior constrictor and orbicularis oris. [6] Infections involving fascial spaces of the head and neck may give varying signs and symptoms depending upon the spaces involved.
Posteriorly, this investing fascia fuses with the thyroid capsule, forming a thick suspensory ligament for the thyroid gland known as the ligament of Berry. The ligaments are attached chiefly to the cricoid cartilage, and may extend to the thyroid cartilage.
[1] [2] It is an extension of the prevertebral fascia of the deep cervical fascia [citation needed] and is continuous with the carotid sheath at the venous angle. [4] A brachial plexus nerve block can be achieved by injecting anaesthetic into this area. [5] [6]