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  2. Deep ocean minerals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Ocean_Minerals

    Deep ocean minerals (DOM) are mineral nutrients (chemical elements) extracted from deep ocean water (DOW) found at ocean depths between 250 and 1500 meters. DOW contains over 70 mineral nutrients and trace elements, including magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) in their bio ionic form.

  3. Marine biogeochemical cycles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_biogeochemical_cycles

    Winds drive ocean currents in the upper 100 meters of the ocean's surface. However, ocean currents also flow thousands of meters below the surface. These deep-ocean currents are driven by differences in the water's density, which is controlled by temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline). This process is known as thermohaline circulation.

  4. Deep sea mining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_sea_mining

    Deep sea mining is the extraction of minerals from the seabed of the deep sea. The main ores of commercial interest are polymetallic nodules , which are found at depths of 4–6 km (2.5–3.7 mi) primarily on the abyssal plain .

  5. Seabed mining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seabed_mining

    Model of seabed mining technology. Seabed mining, also known as Seafloor mining [1] is the recovery of minerals from the seabed by techniques of underwater mining. The concept includes mining at shallow depths on the continental shelf and deep-sea mining at greater depths associated with tectonic activity, hydrothermal vents and the abyssal plains.

  6. Hunt for deep sea minerals draws scrutiny amid green push - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/hunt-deep-sea-minerals-draws...

    The Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative, a global network, said some experts believe it could take anywhere from six to more than 20 years to collect enough data needed to protect the marine ...

  7. Seafloor massive sulfide deposits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seafloor_massive_sulfide...

    SMS deposits form in the deep ocean around submarine volcanic arcs, where hydrothermal vents exhale sulfide-rich mineralising fluids into the ocean. SMS deposits are laterally extensive and consist of a central vent mound around the area where the hydrothermal circulation exits, with a wide apron of unconsolidated sulfide silt or ooze which ...

  8. Marine ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_ecosystem

    From shallow waters to the deep sea, the open ocean to rivers and lakes, numerous terrestrial and marine species depend on the surface ecosystem and the organisms found there. [28] The ocean's surface acts like a skin between the atmosphere above and the water below, and harbours an ecosystem unique to this environment.

  9. Pelagic red clay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_red_clay

    Pelagic clay accumulates in the deepest and most remote areas of the ocean. It covers 38% of the ocean floor and accumulates more slowly than any other sediment type, at only 0.1–0.5 cm/1000 yr. [ 1 ] Containing less than 30% biogenic material , it consists of sediment that remains after the dissolution of both calcareous and siliceous ...