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Kharif crops are usually sown at the beginning of the first rains during the advent of the south-west monsoon season, and they are harvested at the end of monsoon season (October–November). Monsoon sowing dates vary, occurring toward the end of May in the southern state of Kerala and reaching July in some north Indian states.
Kharif crops are grown at the start of the monsoon until the beginning of the winter, relatively from June to November. Examples of such crops are rice, corn, millet, groundnut, moong, and urad. Rabi crops are winter crops that are sown in October -November months and harvested in February – March.
Rabi crops or the rabi harvest, also known as winter crops, are agricultural crops that are sown in winter and harvested in the spring in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. [1] Complementary to the rabi crop is the kharif crop , which is grown after the rabi and zaid crops are harvested one after another respectively.
The minimum support price (MSP) is the minimum price for select crops raised in kharif and rabi seasons that the Government of India considers as remunerative for farmers and hence deserves support. This is different from procurement price and issue price. It is generally announced before the sowing/planting season. [1]
In between the Rabi and the Kharif seasons, there is a short season during the summer months known as the Zaid season. Some of the crops produced during Zaid season are watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops. Sugarcane(doesn’t require the need to fall into any season like rabi,etc. to be sown) takes almost a year to grow.
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Cotton is grown as an industrial crop in 15% of the nation's land during the monsoon months of April–May, known as the Kharif period, and is grown at a smaller scale between February and April. Pakistan occupied the fourth position among the cotton growers of the world, the first three being India, China and USA.
There has been a shift to organic agriculture particularly for exported commodities. [87] During 2003–04, agriculture accounted for 22% of India's GDP and employed 58% of the country's workforce. [88] India is the world's largest producer of milk, fruits, cashew nuts, coconuts, ginger, turmeric, banana, sapota, pulses, and black pepper. [88]