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An equivalent (symbol: officially equiv; [1] unofficially but often Eq [2]) is the amount of a substance that reacts with (or is equivalent to) an arbitrary amount (typically one mole) of another substance in a given chemical reaction. It is an archaic quantity that was used in chemistry and the biological sciences (see Equivalent weight § In ...
For instance, the lone pairs of water are usually treated as two equivalent sp x hybrid orbitals, while the corresponding "nonbonding" orbitals of carbenes are generally treated as a filled σ(out) orbital and an unfilled pure p orbital, even though the lone pairs of water could be described analogously by filled σ(out) and p orbitals (for ...
Molecular cloning takes advantage of the fact that the chemical structure of DNA is fundamentally the same in all living organisms. Therefore, if any segment of DNA from any organism is inserted into a DNA segment containing the molecular sequences required for DNA replication, and the resulting recombinant DNA is introduced into the organism from which the replication sequences were obtained ...
Here, 1 / f eq can have a fractional (non-integer) value. In precipitation reactions, the equivalence factor measures the number of ions which will precipitate in a given reaction. Here, 1 / f eq is an integer value. Normal concentration of an ionic solution is also related to conductivity (electrolytic) through the use of ...
Retrosynthetic analysis was used as early as 1917 in Robinson's Tropinone total synthesis. [1] Important conceptual work on retrosynthetic analysis was published by George Vladutz in 1963 . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] E.J. Corey formalized and popularized the concept from 1967 onwards in his article General methods for the construction of complex molecules and ...
For hydrocarbons, the DBE (or IHD) tells us the number of rings and/or extra bonds in a non-saturated structure, which equals the number of hydrogen pairs that are required to make the structure saturated, simply because joining two elements to form a ring or adding one extra bond (e.g., a single bond changed to a double bond) in a structure reduces the need for two H's.
I'd like to suggest three things 1.One example can be appended following the two indented definition. The example I found in one book is as follows: 6e-+14H + +Cr 2 O 7 2--> 2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O In this example, 1 equivalent of K 2 Cr 2 O 7 is said to be one sixth of a mole( and I think it may be said that 1 mole of K 2 Cr 2 O 7 is 6 equivalents, though I have not verified whether an s should be ...
potassium permanganate has a molar mass of 158.034(1) g mol −1, and reacts with five moles of electrons per mole of potassium permanganate, so its equivalent weight is 158.034(1) g mol −1 /5 eq mol −1 = 31.6068(3) g eq −1. Historically, the equivalent weights of the elements were often determined by studying their reactions with oxygen.