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Perchloric acid is a mineral acid with the formula H Cl O 4. It is an oxoacid of chlorine . Usually found as an aqueous solution, this colorless compound is a stronger acid than sulfuric acid , nitric acid and hydrochloric acid .
As perchloric acid is one of the strongest mineral acids, perchlorate is a weak base in the sense of Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory. As it is also generally a weakly coordinating anion , perchlorate is commonly used as a background , or supporting, electrolyte .
Lithium perchlorate is also used as an electrolyte salt in lithium-ion batteries.Lithium perchlorate is chosen over alternative salts such as lithium hexafluorophosphate or lithium tetrafluoroborate when its superior electrical impedance, conductivity, hygroscopicity, and anodic stability properties are of importance to the specific application. [11]
In chemistry, an acid dissociation constant (also known as acidity constant, or acid-ionization constant; denoted ) is a quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution. It is the equilibrium constant for a chemical reaction
For most ionic compounds dissolved in water, the van 't Hoff factor is equal to the number of discrete ions in a formula unit of the substance. This is true for ideal solutions only, as occasionally ion pairing occurs in solution. At a given instant a small percentage of the ions are paired and count as a single particle.
Potassium chlorate can react with sulfuric acid to form a highly reactive solution of chloric acid and potassium sulfate: 2 KClO 3 + H 2 SO 4 → 2 HClO 3 + K 2 SO 4. The solution so produced is sufficiently reactive that it spontaneously ignites if combustible material (sugar, paper, etc.) is present. Candy being dropped into molten salt
Hypochlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cl O H, also written as HClO, HOCl, or ClHO. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Its structure is H−O−Cl . It is an acid that forms when chlorine dissolves in water , and itself partially dissociates , forming a hypochlorite anion , ClO − .
Oleum (Latin oleum, meaning oil), or fuming sulfuric acid, is a term referring to solutions of various compositions of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid, or sometimes more specifically to disulfuric acid (also known as pyrosulfuric acid). [1] Oleums can be described by the formula ySO 3 ·H 2 O where y is the