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A behavioral cusp is any behavior change that brings an organism's behavior into contact with new contingencies that have far-reaching consequences. [1] A behavioral cusp is a special type of behavior change because it provides the learner with opportunities to access new reinforcers, new contingencies, new environments, new related behaviors (generativeness [2]) and competition with archaic ...
ABA is an applied science devoted to developing procedures which will produce observable changes in behavior. [3] [9] It is to be distinguished from the experimental analysis of behavior, which focuses on basic experimental research, [10] but it uses principles developed by such research, in particular operant conditioning and classical conditioning.
The Premack principle was derived from a study of Cebus monkeys by David Premack.It was found that parameters can be understood in which the monkey operates. [3] However, it has explanatory and predictive power when applied to humans, and it has been used by therapists practicing applied behavior analysis.
Ole Ivar Løvaas (8 May 1927 – 2 August 2010) [1] [2] was a Norwegian-American clinical psychologist and professor at the University of California, Los Angeles.He is most well known for his research on what is now called applied behavior analysis (ABA) to teach autistic children through prompts, modeling, and positive reinforcement.
The commonly-used textbook Applied Behavior Analysis [365] was first released by American educationalists John O Cooper, [366] Timothy E Heron, [367] and William Lee Heward [368] at Ohio State University in 1987. New editions were published in 2007 and 2019.
Discrete trial training is rooted in the hypothesis of Charles Ferster that autism was caused in part by a person's inability to react appropriately to "social reinforcers", such as praise or criticism. Lovaas's early work concentrated on showing that it was possible to strengthen autistic people's responses to these social reinforcers, but he ...
A similar model was proposed by Drash and Tutor (1993), who developed the contingency-shaped or behavioral incompatibility theory of autism. [148] They identified at least six reinforcement paradigms that may contribute to significant deficiencies in verbal behavior typically characteristic of children diagnosed as autistic.
The three-term contingency (also known as the ABC contingency) is a psychological model describing operant conditioning in three terms consisting of a behavior, its consequence, and the environmental context, as applied in contingency management. The three-term contingency was first defined by B. F. Skinner in the early 1950s. [1]
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