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The tests are targeted to items and skills not currently in the curriculum [citation needed] to promote the adoption of methods such as constructivist mathematics, inquiry-based science, and problem-solving. Grades can be enhanced by extra credits, awarded where students undertake optional work, in addition to their compulsory school work. [16]
Elementary schools typically operated grades Kindergarten through 6; the junior high school, often housed in the same building as the senior high school, then covered grades 7 through 9; and the senior high school operated grades 10 through 12. At the same time, grade 9 marked the beginning of high school for the purpose of GPA calculation.
Typically, the curriculum in public elementary education is determined by individual school districts or county school system. The school district selects curriculum guides and textbooks that reflect a state's learning standards and benchmarks for a given grade level. The most recent curriculum that has been adopted by most states is Common ...
There are content standards for dance, theater, music, and the visual arts. Every content standard is followed by several achievement standards describing how students are to demonstrate mastery of the content standards. The goals are not intended to be a curriculum. Instead, curriculum is to be developed locally on the basis of the goals.
Some private schools, and public schools, are offering pre-kindergarten (also known as pre-K) as part of elementary school. Twelve states (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Vermont) as well as the District of Columbia offer some form of universal pre-kindergarten according to the Education Commission of the States (ECS).
In grades three through six students need to pass all of their subjects as well as an end of course exam in order to move up to the next grade level. The curriculum that is covered in Mexico's primary schools includes Spanish plus an additional language like English, math, geography, civics and ethics, physical education, and art. [34]
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the creation of curriculum frameworks which outline specific knowledge or skills which students must acquire, an emphasis on criterion-referenced assessments which are aligned to the frameworks, and the imposition of some high-stakes tests , such as graduation examinations requiring a high standard of performance to receive a diploma.