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Raynaud syndrome, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a medical condition in which the spasm of small arteries causes episodes of reduced blood flow to end arterioles. [1] Typically the fingers, and, less commonly, the toes, are involved. [ 1 ]
The acronym "CREST" refers to the five main features: calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia. [ 2 ] CREST syndrome is associated with detectable antibodies against centromeres (a component of the cell nucleus ), and usually spares the kidneys (a feature more common in the related condition ...
Functional hyperaemia is an increase in blood flow to a tissue due to the presence of metabolites and a change in general conditions. When a tissue increases its activity, there is a well-characterized fall in the partial pressure of oxygen and pH, along with an increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and a rise in temperature and the concentration of potassium ions.
Cardiovascular: Raynaud's phenomenon (is the presenting symptom in 30% of affected persons, occurs in 95% of affected individuals at some time during their illness); healed pitting ulcers on the fingertips; skin and mucosal telangiectasis; palpitations, irregular heart rate and fainting due to conduction abnormalities, hypertension, and ...
Raynaud’s phenomenon, which causes parts of the body like the fingers and the toes to go cold and numb, likely stems from two genes, a study published Thursday in the journal Nature ...
Sclerodactyly is often preceded by months or even years by Raynaud's phenomenon when it is part of systemic scleroderma. [citation needed] The term "sclerodactyly" comes from Greek skleros 'hard' and daktylos 'digit'. It is generally associated with systemic scleroderma and mixed connective tissue disease, and auto-immune disorders.
For example, when cytotoxic edema occurs in the endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier, oncotic cell death contributes to loss of integrity of the blood–brain barrier and promotes the progression to vasogenic edema. [8] When brain edema types are combined, there is typically a primary form and the edema type and context of the cause ...
The excessive pressure damages the endothelial layer and the blood–brain barrier, leading to swelling (edema). The predilection toward the posterior brain may be explained by the reduced density of sympathetic innervation in the posterior circulation compared to the anterior circulation (thus a reduced adaptive capacity to fluctuations or ...