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Antithrombin III deficiency (abbreviated ATIII deficiency) is a deficiency of antithrombin III.This deficiency may be inherited or acquired. [1] It is a rare hereditary disorder that generally comes to light when a patient suffers recurrent venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and repetitive intrauterine fetal death (IUFD). [2]
Pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability is probably a physiologically adaptive mechanism to prevent post partum hemorrhage. [1] Pregnancy changes the plasma levels of many clotting factors, such as fibrinogen, which can rise up to three times its normal value. [2] Thrombin levels increase. [3] Protein S, an anticoagulant, decreases.
Compared to the risk of bleeding with warfarin use, direct factor Xa inhibitors have a higher risk of GI bleeding, but lower risk of bleeding in the brain. [2] Other side effects may include stomach upset, dizziness, anemia or increased blood levels of liver enzymes. [2]
Antithrombin (AT) is a small glycoprotein that inactivates several enzymes of the coagulation system. It is a 464-amino-acid protein produced by the liver.It contains three disulfide bonds and a total of four possible glycosylation sites. α-Antithrombin is the dominant form of antithrombin found in blood plasma and has an oligosaccharide occupying each of its four glycosylation sites.
Antiphospholipid syndrome is known for causing arterial or venous blood clots, in any organ system, and pregnancy-related complications.While blood clots and pregnancy complications are the most common and diagnostic symptoms associated with APS, other organs and body parts may be affected like platelet levels, heart, kidneys, brain, and skin.
Results are given in units/mL of anti-factor Xa, such that high values indicate high levels of anticoagulation and low values indicate low levels of anticoagulation in the plasma sample. [ 17 ] LMWHs have a targeted therapeutic window of approximately 0.6–1.2 IU/ml. LMWH has a potency of 70 units/mg of anti-factor Xa activity and a ratio of ...
Use is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. [1] [9] Use appears to be relatively safe in those with mild kidney problems. [9] Compared to warfarin it has fewer interactions with other medications. [12] It is a direct factor Xa inhibitor. [8] In 2007, Pfizer and Bristol-Myers Squibb began the development of apixaban as an ...
Hypercoagulability in pregnancy likely evolved to protect women from hemorrhage at the time of miscarriage or childbirth. In developing countries, the leading cause of maternal death is still hemorrhage. [25] In the United States 2011-2013, hemorrhage made up of 11.4% and pulmonary embolisms made up of 9.2% of all pregnancy-related deaths. [26]