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Comparative advantage in an economic model is the advantage over others in producing a particular good.A good can be produced at a lower relative opportunity cost or autarky price, i.e. at a lower relative marginal cost prior to trade. [1]
In business, a competitive advantage is an attribute that allows an organization to outperform its competitors.. A competitive advantage may include access to natural resources, such as high-grade ores or a low-cost power source, highly skilled labor, geographic location, high entry barriers, and access to new technology and to proprietary information.
Therefore, Portugal has an absolute advantage in the production of wine. If the two countries specialize in producing the good for which they have the absolute advantage, and if they exchange part of the good with each other, both of the two countries can end up with more of each good than they would have in the absence of trade.
A measure of total gains from trade is the sum of consumer surplus and producer profits or, more roughly, the increased output from specialization in production with resulting trade. [8] Gains from trade may also refer to net benefits to a country from lowering barriers to trade such as tariffs on imports .
It is important to coordinate the public goods problem, find the best volume of public contribution, and prevent poor or overburdened infrastructure. [26] For companies: Economic agglomeration would cause fierce competitive pressure. Competition can reduce the market price, motivating companies to innovate and increase production efficiency. [27]
Most economists believe that there are four compositions of clusters which can be identified: Geographical cluster – a cluster of businesses in a geographical location where enough resources have accumulated to give a competitive advantage to businesses in a given economic branch e.g. the California wine cluster or the flower cluster in the Netherlands.
Globalization is the process of increasing interdependence and integration among the economies, markets, societies, and cultures of different countries worldwide. This is made possible by the reduction of barriers to international trade, the liberalization of capital movements, the development of transportation, and the advancement of information and communication technologies. [1]
Behavioral economic geography examines the cognitive processes underlying spatial reasoning, locational decision making, and behavior of firms [7] and individuals. Economic geography is sometimes approached as a branch of anthropogeography that focuses on regional systems of human economic activity. An alternative description of different ...