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Fish stocks indicators, which is normalized as a 0–100 proximity-to-target score, with 100 representing "at target" and 0 being furthest from the target. Stock assessments provide fisheries managers with the information that is used in the regulation of a fish stock. Biological and fisheries data are collected in a stock assessment.
In fisheries science and ecology, stock assessment is an important tool in fisheries management. In particular, to ensure continued, healthy, fish stocks, measurements of the Spawning Stock Biomass (the stock population capable of reproducing) allows sensible conservation strategies to be developed and maintained through the application of ...
This prompted major amendments in 1996 and 2006. The National Marine Fisheries Service issued a report to Congress in 2010 on the status of U.S. fisheries. It reported that of the 192 stocks monitored for overfishing 38 stocks (20%) still have fish "mortality rates that exceed the overfishing threshold … and 42 stocks (22%) are overfished". [12]
Hilborn, Ray and Walters, Carl J (1992) Quantitative Fisheries Stock Assessment Springer. ISBN 978-0-412-02271-5; McCallum, Hamish (2000) Population Parameters Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-86542-740-2; Prevost E and Chaput G (2001) Stock, recruitment and reference points Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique. ISBN 2-7380-0962-X.
This means that decisions about stock management can also be made by the people doing the harvesting. [1] The best practice is to standardise the effort employed (e.g. number of traps or duration of searching), which controls for the reduction in catch size that often results from subsequent efforts. [2]
At the same time, a nation's natural capital in the form of fish stocks could be greatly increased and the negative impacts of the fisheries on the marine environment reduced." [43] The most prominent failure of fisheries management in recent times has perhaps been the events that lead to the collapse of the Atlantic northwest cod fishery.
In fisheries terms, maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is the largest average catch that can be captured from a stock under existing environmental conditions. [21] MSY aims at a balance between too much and too little harvest to keep the population at some intermediate abundance with a maximum replacement rate.
Catch shares have been proposed as a potential solution for the common property challenges found in many fisheries and have typically been implemented after a variety of other approaches have failed. Most commercial fisheries begin under open access conditions in which any fisherman is able to enter the fishery, put in effort, and catch fish.