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Jean Bernard Léon Foucault (UK: / ʒ ɒ̃ ˈ b ɛər n ɑːr ˌ l eɪ ɒ̃ ˈ f uː k oʊ /, US: / ˌ ʒ ɒ̃ b ɛər ˈ n ɑːr l eɪ ˌ ɒ̃ f uː ˈ k oʊ /; French: [ʒɑ̃ bɛʁnaʁ leɔ̃ fuko]; 18 September 1819 – 11 February 1868) was a French physicist best known for his demonstration of the Foucault pendulum, a device demonstrating the effect of Earth's rotation.
Martha Bradley (fl. 1740s – 1755) was a British cookery book writer. Little is known about her life, except that she published the cookery book The British Housewife (pictured) in 1756 and worked as a cook for more than 30 years in the fashionable spa town of Bath, Somerset.
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In Foucault's 1862 experiment, he desired to obtain an accurate absolute value for the speed of light, since his concern was to deduce an improved value for the astronomical unit. [2] [Note 4] At the time, Foucault was working at the Paris Observatory under Urbain le Verrier. It was le Verrier's belief, based on extensive celestial mechanics ...
Foucault published two papers in 1852, one focused on astronomy with the weight free to move on all three axes (On a new experimental demonstration of the motion of the Earth, based on the fixity of the plane of rotation) [8] and the other on mechanics with the weight free to move on only two axes (On the orientation phenomena of rotating bodies driven by a fixed axis on the Earth's surface.
The Foucault pendulum or Foucault's pendulum is a simple device named after French physicist Léon Foucault, conceived as an experiment to demonstrate the Earth's rotation. If a long and heavy pendulum suspended from the high roof above a circular area is monitored over an extended period of time, its plane of oscillation appears to change ...
The conventional schlieren system is credited mostly to German physicist August Toepler, though Jean Bernard Léon Foucault invented the method in 1859 that Toepler improved upon. Toepler's original system [ 2 ] was designed to detect schlieren in glass used to make lenses.
Joseph McCabe published A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Rationalists in 1920 (London: Watts & Co.). Most (though not all) of those listed were also included in A Biographical Dictionary of Ancient, Medieval and Modern Freethinkers (1945)