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A CDC infographic on how antibiotic-resistant bacteria have the potential to spread from farm animals. The use of antibiotics in the husbandry of livestock includes treatment when ill (therapeutic), treatment of a group of animals when at least one is diagnosed with clinical infection (metaphylaxis [1]), and preventative treatment (prophylaxis).
Testing revealed that chickens fed with a variety of vitamin B12 produced with the residue of a specific antibiotic grew 50% faster than chickens fed with B12 from a different source. [2] Further research confirmed that antibiotic use improved chicken health, resulting in increased egg production, lower mortality rates, and reduced illness.
Permethrin is a medication and an insecticide. [6] [7] As a medication, it is used to treat scabies and lice. [8]It is applied to the skin as a cream or lotion. [6] As an insecticide, it can be sprayed onto outer clothing or mosquito nets to kill the insects that touch them.
Cattle feedlot in Colorado, United States. Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, or other products.It includes day-to-day care, management, production, nutrition, selective breeding, and the raising of livestock.
Insecticides used include methoxyfenozide, Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai, SeNPV, chlorantraniliprole, spinosad, indoxacarb, emamectin benzoate, methomyl, ζ-cypermethrin, and permethrin. [110] In organic, Bacillus thuringiensis and Entrust are used but note that any spinosad (including Entrust) will also harm the parasitoids. [110]
The chickens grow more slowly and live for up to two weeks longer than intensively farmed birds. The benefits of higher welfare indoor systems are the reduced growth rate, less crowding and more opportunities for natural behaviour. [18] One example of indoor production with higher welfare production is the Better Chicken Commitment standard. [40]
In Japan, the 1973 Welfare and Management of Animals Act (amended in 1999 and 2005) [162] stipulates that "no person shall kill, injure, or inflict cruelty to animals without a due course", and in particular, criminalizes cruelty to all mammals, birds, and reptiles possessed by persons; as well as cattle, horses, goats, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats ...
The animals most commonly slaughtered for food are cattle and water buffalo, sheep, goats, pigs, deers, horses, rabbits, poultry (mainly chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese), insects (a commercial species is the house cricket), and increasingly, fish in the aquaculture industry (fish farming).