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The DVD format uses the 48 kHz sampling rate, and its doublings. In digital audio, 48,000 Hz (also represented as 48 kHz or DVD Quality) is a common sampling rate. It has become the standard for professional audio and video. 48 kHz is evenly divisible by 24, a common frame rate for media, such as film, unlike 44.1 kHz. [i]
The selection of the sample rate was based primarily on the need to reproduce the audible frequency range of 20–20,000 Hz (20 kHz). The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem states that a sampling rate of more than twice the maximum frequency of the signal to be recorded is needed, resulting in a required rate of greater than 40 kHz.
48,000 Hz: The standard audio sampling rate used by professional digital video equipment such as tape recorders, video servers, vision mixers and so on. This rate was chosen because it could reconstruct frequencies up to 22 kHz and work with 29.97 frames per second NTSC video – as well as 25 frame/s, 30 frame/s and 24 frame/s systems.
For example, Compact Disc Digital Audio and Digital Audio Tape systems use different sampling rates, and American television, European television, and movies all use different frame rates. Sample-rate conversion prevents changes in speed and pitch that would otherwise occur when transferring recorded material between such systems.
Downconvert the audio to 2 channels, but keep the original sample size and bit rate if the producer sets a flag on the DVD-A disc telling the player to do so. A final option is to modify the player, capturing the high-resolution digital signals before they are fed to internal D/A converters and convert it to S/PDIF , giving full-range digital ...
The audio bit rate for a Red Book audio CD is 1,411,200 bits per second (1,411 kbit/s) or 176,400 bytes per second; 2 channels × 44,100 samples per second per channel × 16 bits per sample. Audio data coming in from a CD is contained in sectors, each sector being 2,352 bytes, and with 75 sectors containing 1 second of audio.
Additional sample rate options may be indicated in the extended sample rate field (see below). Byte 1: indicates if the audio stream is stereo, mono or some other combination. bits 0–3: Indicates the relationship of the two channels; they might be unrelated audio data, a stereo pair, duplicated mono data, music and voice commentary, a stereo ...
Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband audio (ITU-T G.722.2) RFC 4867 dynamic (or profile) AMR-WB+ audio 1, 2 or omit 72000 13.3–40 Extended Adaptive Multi Rate – WideBand audio RFC 4352 dynamic (or profile) vorbis audio (various) (various) Vorbis audio RFC 5215 dynamic (or profile) opus audio 1, 2 48000 [note 3] 2.5–60 20 Opus audio RFC 7587