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Andreev reflection, named after the Russian physicist Alexander F. Andreev, is a type of particle scattering which occurs at interfaces between a superconductor (S) and a normal state material (N). It is a charge-transfer process by which normal current in N is converted to supercurrent in S.
The table below shows some of the parameters of common superconductors. X:Y means material X doped with element Y, T C is the highest reported transition temperature in kelvins and H C is a critical magnetic field in tesla. "BCS" means whether or not the superconductivity is explained within the BCS theory.
Alexander Fyodorovich Andreev (Russian: Александр Фёдорович Андреев, 10 December 1939 – 14 March 2023) [1] was a Russian theoretical physicist best known for explaining the eponymous Andreev reflection. [2] Andreev was educated at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, starting in 1959 and graduating ahead of ...
Calculated magnetization curve for a superconducting slab, based on Bean's model. The superconducting slab is initially at H = 0. Increasing H to critical field H* causes the blue curve; dropping H back to 0 and reversing direction to increase it to -H* causes the green curve; dropping H back to 0 again and increase H to H* causes the orange curve.
These materials are type-II superconductors with substantial upper critical field H c2, and in contrast to, for example, the cuprate superconductors with even higher H c2, they can be easily machined into wires. Recently, however, 2nd generation superconducting tapes are allowing replacement of cheaper niobium-based wires with much more ...
Phase diagram (B, T) of a type I superconductor : if B < B c, the medium is superconducting. T c is the critical temperature of a superconductor when there is no magnetic field. The interior of a bulk superconductor cannot be penetrated by a weak magnetic field, a phenomenon known as the Meissner effect. When the applied magnetic field becomes ...
Vortices in a 200-nm-thick YBCO film imaged by scanning SQUID microscopy [1]. In superconductivity, a fluxon (also called an Abrikosov vortex or quantum vortex) is a vortex of supercurrent in a type-II superconductor, used by Soviet physicist Alexei Abrikosov to explain magnetic behavior of type-II superconductors. [2]
The most commonly used conventional superconductor in applications is a niobium-titanium alloy - this is a type-II superconductor with a superconducting critical temperature of 11 K. The highest critical temperature so far achieved in a conventional superconductor was 39 K (-234 °C) in magnesium diboride.