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The proto-cuneiform script was a system of proto-writing that emerged in Mesopotamia, eventually developing into the early cuneiform script used in the region's Early Dynastic I period. It arose from the token-based system that had already been in use across the region in preceding millennia.
Previously, researchers thought that plain tokens contributed to the system for numerals used in proto-cuneiform signs, while complex tokens bearing incisions and other markings were the basis for ...
Tablet with proto-cuneiform pictographs – Uruk III (late 4th millennium BC) Sumerian writing evolved from a system of clay tokens used to represent commodities. By the end of the 4th millennium BC, this had evolved into a method of keeping accounts, which recorded numbers using a round stylus pressed into the clay at different angles.
The cuneiform script was developed from pictographic proto-writing in the late 4th millennium BC, stemming from the near eastern token system used for accounting. The meaning and usage of these tokens is still a matter of debate. [25]
Before wedge-shaped cuneiform characters appeared on clay tablets around 3400 BC, there was proto-cuneiform, or an archaic script that relied on abstract pictographs, hundreds of which remain ...
The Kish tablet (c. 3500 BC) reflects the stage of proto-cuneiform, when what would become the cuneiform script of Sumer was still in the proto-writing stage. By the end of the 4th millennium BC, this symbol system had evolved into a method of keeping accounts, using a round-shaped stylus impressed into soft clay at different angles for ...
Tablet with proto-cuneiform pictographic characters (end of 4th millennium BC), Uruk III. Clay envelope with its accounting tokens, Late Uruk period, from Susa, Louvre . The Uruk period, particularly in its late phase, is characterized by the explosion of "symbolic technology": signs, images, symbolic designs and abstract numbers are used in ...
As understood through analyses of early proto-cuneiform notations from the city of Uruk, there were more than a dozen different counting systems, [18] including a general system for counting most discrete objects (such as animals, tools, and people) and specialized systems for counting cheese and grain products, volumes of grain (including ...