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If vectors u and v have direction cosines (α u, β u, γ u) and (α v, β v, γ v) respectively, with an angle θ between them, their units vectors are ^ = + + (+ +) = + + ^ = + + (+ +) = + +. Taking the dot product of these two unit vectors yield, ^ ^ = + + = , where θ is the angle between the two unit vectors, and is also the angle between u and v.
The rejection of a vector from a plane is its orthogonal projection on a straight line which is orthogonal to that plane. Both are vectors. The first is parallel to the plane, the second is orthogonal. For a given vector and plane, the sum of projection and rejection is equal to the original vector.
Illustration showing how to find the angle between vectors using the dot product Calculating bond angles of a symmetrical tetrahedral molecular geometry using a dot product. In Euclidean space, a Euclidean vector is a geometric object that possesses both a magnitude and a direction. A vector can be pictured as an arrow.
Laguerre formula can be useful in computer vision, since the absolute conic has an image on the retinal plane which is invariant under camera displacements, and the cross ratio of four collinear points is the same for their images on the retinal plane.
Two angles that share terminal sides, but differ in size by an integer multiple of a turn, are called coterminal angles. The reference angle (sometimes called related angle) for any angle θ in standard position is the positive acute angle between the terminal side of θ and the x-axis (positive or negative).
A formula for computing the trigonometric identities for the one-third angle exists, but it requires finding the zeroes of the cubic equation 4x 3 − 3x + d = 0, where is the value of the cosine function at the one-third angle and d is the known value of the cosine function at the full angle.
In the theory of three-dimensional rotation, Rodrigues' rotation formula, named after Olinde Rodrigues, is an efficient algorithm for rotating a vector in space, given an axis and angle of rotation. By extension, this can be used to transform all three basis vectors to compute a rotation matrix in SO(3) , the group of all rotation matrices ...
If b ≥ c, then β ≥ γ (the larger side corresponds to a larger angle). Since no triangle can have two obtuse angles, γ is an acute angle and the solution γ = arcsin D is unique. If b < c, the angle γ may be acute: γ = arcsin D or obtuse: γ ′ = 180° − γ.