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Ferrofluid is a liquid that is attracted to the poles of a magnet.It is a colloidal liquid made of nanoscale ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic particles suspended in a carrier fluid (usually an organic solvent or water). [1]
A magnetorheological fluid (MR fluid, or MRF) is a type of smart fluid in a carrier fluid, usually a type of oil. When subjected to a magnetic field , the fluid greatly increases its apparent viscosity , to the point of becoming a viscoelastic solid. [ 1 ]
An example of a permanent magnet formed from a ferromagnetic material is a refrigerator magnet. [2] Substances respond weakly to three other types of magnetism—paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism—but the forces are usually so weak that they can be detected only by lab instruments.
For example, the critical exponents at the liquid–gas critical point have been found to be independent of the chemical composition of the fluid. More impressively, but understandably from above, they are an exact match for the critical exponents of the ferromagnetic phase transition in uniaxial magnets.
For example, spherical magnetite particles of narrow size distribution with mean diameters between 30 and 100 nm can be obtained from a Fe(II) salt, a base and a mild oxidant (nitrate ions). [9] The other method consists in ageing stoichiometric mixtures of ferrous and ferric hydroxides in aqueous media, yielding spherical magnetite particles ...
In addition, other types of primary order, such as ferroic arrangements of magnetoelectric multipoles [2] of which ferrotoroidicity [3] is an example, were proposed. Besides scientific interest in their physical properties, multiferroics have potential for applications as actuators, switches, magnetic field sensors and new types of electronic ...
A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously under application of a shearing stress, regardless of how small the stress is. Blood is a primary example of a biological fluid. Air can also be considered as biological fluid as it flows in lungs and the synovial fluid between the knee joints is also an example of a biological fluid.
Diagram of temperature (T) and pressure (p) showing the quantum critical point (QCP) and quantum phase transitions. Talking about quantum phase transitions means talking about transitions at T = 0: by tuning a non-temperature parameter like pressure, chemical composition or magnetic field, one could suppress e.g. some transition temperature like the Curie or Néel temperature to 0 K.