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The bytes s1 and s2 are taken together to represent a big-endian 16-bit integer specifying the length of the following "data bytes" plus the 2 bytes used to represent the length. In other words, s1 and s2 specify the number of the following data bytes as 256 ⋅ s 1 + s 2 − 2 {\displaystyle 256\cdot s1+s2-2} .
Nintendo Game & Watch image file 4E 45 53: NES: 0 nes Nintendo Entertainment System image file A0 32 41 A0 A0 A0: 2A: 0x165A4 d64 Commodore 64 1541 disk image (D64 format) 47 53 52 2D 31 35 34 31: GCR-1541: 0 g64 Commodore 64 1541 disk image (G64 format) A0 33 44 A0 A0: 3D: 0x61819 d81 Commodore 64 1581 disk image (D81 format)
The bit length of chunks is divisible by 8 - i.e. all chunks are byte aligned. All values encoded in these data bits have the most significant bit on the left. The 8-bit tags have precedence over the 2-bit tags. A decoder must check for the presence of an 8-bit tag first. The byte stream's end is marked with 7 0x00 bytes followed by a single ...
A JPEG image consists of a sequence of segments, each beginning with a marker, each of which begins with a 0xFF byte, followed by a byte indicating what kind of marker it is. Some markers consist of just those two bytes; others are followed by two bytes (high then low), indicating the length of marker-specific payload data that follows.
The container's scope can be identified by start- and end-markers of some kind, by an explicit length field somewhere, or by fixed requirements of the file format's definition. Throughout the 1970s, many programs used formats of this general kind. For example, word-processors such as troff, Script, and Scribe, and database export files such as CSV.
The bits representing the bitmap pixels may be packed or unpacked (spaced out to byte or word boundaries), depending on the format or device requirements. Depending on the color depth, a pixel in the picture will occupy at least n/8 bytes, where n is the bit depth.
Exchangeable image file format (officially Exif, according to JEIDA/JEITA/CIPA specifications) [5] is a standard that specifies formats for images, sound, and ancillary tags used by digital cameras (including smartphones), scanners and other systems handling image and sound files recorded by digital cameras.
For example, Microsoft's Windows API maintains the programming language definition of WORD as 16 bits, despite the fact that the API may be used on a 32- or 64-bit x86 processor, where the standard word size would be 32 or 64 bits, respectively. Data structures containing such different sized words refer to them as: WORD (16 bits/2 bytes)