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View of the Theatre and Sanctuary of Dionysus from the west. The Theatre of Dionysus [1] (or Theatre of Dionysos, Greek: Θέατρο του Διονύσου) is an ancient Greek theatre in Athens. It is built on the south slope of the Acropolis hill, originally part of the sanctuary of Dionysus Eleuthereus (Dionysus the Liberator [2]).
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At its centre was the city-state of Athens, which became a significant cultural, political, and religious place during this period, and the theatre was institutionalised there as part of a festival called the Dionysia, which honoured the god Dionysus.
It reached its most significant form in Athens in the 5th century BC, the works of which are sometimes called Attic tragedy. Greek tragedy is widely believed to be an extension of the ancient rites carried out in honor of Dionysus, the god of wine and theatre, and it heavily influenced the theatre of Ancient Rome and the Renaissance.
Site plan of the Acropolis at Athens showing the major archaeological remains – the Odeon is number 19, on the far right. The Odeon of Athens or Odeon of Pericles in Athens was a 4,000 m 2 (43,000 sq ft) odeon, built at the southeastern foot of the Acropolis in Athens, next to the entrance to the Theatre of Dionysus.
In Athens, the festival was originally held in the Lenaion (possibly a theatre outside the city or a section of the Agora) but probably moved to the Theatre of Dionysus by the mid-fifth century. [3] Beginning in the second half of the 5th century BC, plays were performed (as they were at the City Dionysia festival later in the year).
The sculpture, reading the from viewer's left to right, begins with a scene that can be taken to be the birth of Dionysos. It consists of four figures beginning with a semi-draped seated figure who is likely Zeus facing him is a youth holding a small child, presumed to be Hermes and the infant Dionysos at the moment of his second birth from the thigh of Zeus. [5]
The Theatre of Dionysus in Athens is thought to have been the first purpose-built theatre. Around the middle of the 5th century BC, the skene began to appear in Greek theatre. Placing a skene behind the orchestra – where the performers acted, played, and danced – broke what is thought to have been the original theatre in the round nature of ...
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