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The Organizational-Activational Hypothesis states that steroid hormones permanently organize the nervous system during early development, which is reflected in adult male or female typical behaviors. [1] In adulthood, the same steroid hormones activate, modulate, and inhibit these behaviors.
The hypothesis separately proposes that hormonal changes across the cycle cause women, when they are most likely to get pregnant, to be more attracted to traits in potential short-term male sexual partners that indicate high genetic quality, leading to greater reproductive success. [3]
The influence of hormones on the developing fetus has been the most influential causal hypothesis of the development of sexual orientation. [6] [17] In simple terms, the developing fetal brain begins in a "female" typical state. The presence of the Y-chromosome in males prompts the development of testes, which release testosterone, the primary ...
Sexual selection is a biological way one sex chooses a mate for the best reproductive success. Most compete with others of the same sex for the best mate to contribute their genome for future generations. This has shaped human evolution for many years, but reasons why humans choose their mates are not fully understood.
The hypothesis states that individuals with a heterozygous MHC would be capable of recognizing a wider range of pathogens and therefore of inciting a specific immune response against a greater number of pathogens—thus having an immunity advantage. Unfortunately, the MHC-heterozygote advantage hypothesis has not been adequately tested. [2]
The influence of hormones on the developing fetus has been the most influential causal hypothesis of the development of sexual orientation. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] In simple terms, the developing fetal brain begins in a "female" state.
The Barker Hypothesis, or Thrifty phenotype, forms the basis for much of the research conducted on fetal programming. This hypothesis states that if the fetus is exposed to low nutrition, it will adapt to that particular environment. Nutrients are diverted towards the development of the heart, brain, and other essential organs of the fetus.
However, the dual-hormone hypothesis also has its own flaws, and current evidence appears to only partially support the hypothesis, according to a meta-analytical evaluation in 2019 by Dekkers et al. [36] A proposed reasoning for the occasional weak evidence is that cortisol and testosterone, further interact with social context and individual ...