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Taxus baccata is a species of evergreen tree in the family Taxaceae, native to Western Europe, Central Europe and Southern Europe, as well as Northwest Africa, northern Iran, and Southwest Asia. [4] It is the tree originally known as yew , though with other related trees becoming known, it may be referred to as common yew , [ 5 ] European yew ...
[2] [3] The amount of taxine alkaloids depends on the species of yew, with Taxus baccata and Taxus cuspidata containing the most. [4] The major taxine alkaloids are taxine A and taxine B although there are at least 10 different alkaloids. [5] Until 1956, it was believed that all the taxine alkaloids were one single compound named taxine. [4]
The Defynnog Yew (Welsh: Ywen Defynnog) (SN9253027960) is one of a group of ancient yews (Taxus baccata) in the churchyard of St Cynog's Church, which serves the parish and the village of Defynnog, Powys, Wales. Defynnog is located close to Sennybridge, about ten miles west of Brecon, within the Brecon Beacons National Park (Bannau Brycheiniog).
Taxus baccata leaves contain approximately 5 mg of taxines per 1g of leaves. [9] The estimated (i.e. not by any means a fact) lethal dose (LD min) of Taxus baccata leaves is 3.0-6.5 mg/kg body weight for humans [16] There is currently no known antidotes for yew poisoning, but drugs such as atropine have been used to treat the symptoms. [17]
They are many-branched, small trees and shrubs.The leaves are evergreen, spirally arranged, often twisted at the base to appear 2-ranked.They are linear to lanceolate, and have pale green or white stomatal bands on the undersides.
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Foliage of Irish yew; note the leaves spreading all round the erect shoots. Yews are widely used in landscaping and ornamental horticulture. Over 400 cultivars of yews have been named, the vast majority of these being derived from European yew (Taxus baccata) or Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata). The hybrid between these two species is Taxus × media.