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Taxus baccata is a species of evergreen tree in the family Taxaceae, native to Western Europe, Central Europe and Southern Europe, as well as Northwest Africa, northern Iran, and Southwest Asia. [4] It is the tree originally known as yew , though with other related trees becoming known, it may be referred to as common yew , [ 5 ] European yew ...
Taxine can be found in Taxus species: Taxus cuspidata, T. baccata (English yew), Taxus x media, Taxus canadensis, Taxus floridana, and Taxus brevifolia (Pacific or western yew). All of these species contain taxine in every part of the plant except in the aril , [ citation needed ] the fleshy covering of the seeds (berries).
They are many-branched, small trees and shrubs.The leaves are evergreen, spirally arranged, often twisted at the base to appear 2-ranked.They are linear to lanceolate, and have pale green or white stomatal bands on the undersides.
T. baccata appears throughout Europe and into western Asia. [2] T. cuspidata occurs over much of East Asia, in China, Japan, Korea, and Sakhalin. [13] Taxus brevifolia ranges in the United States from California to Montana and Alaska, [12] while Taxus canadensis appears in the northeastern United States and southeast Canada. [2]
The fleshy aril that surrounds each seed in the yew is a highly modified seed cone scale.. In European yew plants (Taxus baccata), the aril starts out as a small, green band at the base of the seed, then turns brown to red as it enlarges and surrounds the seed, eventually becoming fleshy and scarlet in color at maturity.
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Taxus baccata leaves contain approximately 5 mg of taxines per 1g of leaves. [9] The estimated (i.e. not by any means a fact) lethal dose (LD min) of Taxus baccata leaves is 3.0-6.5 mg/kg body weight for humans [16] There is currently no known antidotes for yew poisoning, but drugs such as atropine have been used to treat the symptoms. [17]
It is most prominently given to any of various coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus Taxus: European yew or common yew (Taxus baccata) Pacific yew or western yew (Taxus brevifolia) Canadian yew (Taxus canadensis) Chinese yew (Taxus chinensis) Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata) Florida yew (Taxus floridana) Mexican yew (Taxus globosa)