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Theory X and Theory Y are theories of human work motivation and management. They were created by Douglas McGregor while he was working at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. [1] McGregor's work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of Abraham Maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs.
In the book The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor identified an approach of creating an environment within which employees are motivated via authoritative direction and control or integration and self-control, which he called theory X and theory Y, [8] respectively. Having an attitude that workers generally lack motivation, enjoyment, and ...
McGregor personally held that the more optimistic theory, Y, was more valid. This theory holds that employees can view work as natural, are creative, can be self-motivated, and appreciate responsibility. This type of thinking is popular now, with people becoming more aware of the productivity of self-empowered work teams. [3]
Theory Z is a name for various theories of human motivation built on Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y.Theories X, Y and various versions of Z have been used in human resource management, organizational behavior, organizational communication and organizational development.
Theory X and Theory Y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation. McGregor's ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Many managers tend towards theory x, and generally get poor results. Enlightened managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows ...
Theory Y conversely suggests that it is human nature to be motivated by objectives and gain satisfaction through the completion of work. [2] Those who believe in Theory Y believe that it is the responsibility of management to foster environments where employees can develop potential and utilize their skills to achieve objectives. [ 3 ]
Copycat investing sounds good in theory. Buffett even admitted in a 2009 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Meeting, “I did the same thing when I was young.” However, the Wizard of Omaha offered a word ...
Douglas McGregor's Theory Y and Theory X can also be compared with these two leadership styles. Theory X can be compared with Transactional Leadership where managers need to rule by fear and consequences. In this style and theory, negative behavior is punished and employees are motivated through incentives. [citation needed]