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The solar constant includes all wavelengths of solar electromagnetic radiation, not just the visible light (see Electromagnetic spectrum). It is positively correlated with the apparent magnitude of the Sun which is −26.8. The solar constant and the magnitude of the Sun are two methods of describing the apparent brightness of the Sun, though ...
chemistry (mass of one atom divided by the atomic mass constant, 1 Da) Bodenstein number: Bo or Bd = / = Max Bodenstein: chemistry (residence-time distribution; similar to the axial mass transfer Peclet number) [2] Damköhler numbers: Da =
Three dimensional extent of an object m 3: L 3: extensive, scalar Volumetric flow rate: Q: Rate of change of volume with respect to time m 3 ⋅s −1: L 3 T −1: extensive, scalar Wavelength: λ: Perpendicular distance between repeating units of a wave m L: Wavenumber: k: Repetency or spatial frequency: the number of cycles per unit distance ...
The largest occurring current sheet in the Solar System is the so-called heliospheric current sheet, which is about 10,000 km thick, and extends from the Sun and out beyond the orbit of Pluto. In astrophysical plasmas such as the solar corona, current sheets theoretically might have an aspect ratio (breadth divided by thickness) as high as ...
In physics, natural unit systems are measurement systems for which selected physical constants have been set to 1 through nondimensionalization of physical units.For example, the speed of light c may be set to 1, and it may then be omitted, equating mass and energy directly E = m rather than using c as a conversion factor in the typical mass–energy equivalence equation E = mc 2.
Thus, from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the luminosity is related to the surface temperature T S, and through it to the color of the star, by = where σ B is Stefan–Boltzmann constant, 5.67 × 10 −8 W m −2 K −4. The luminosity is equal to the total energy produced by the star per unit time.
The constant parameters include S is the solar constant – the incoming solar radiation per unit area—about 1367 W·m −2; r is Earth's radius—approximately 6.371×10 6 m; π is the mathematical constant (3.141...) is the Stefan–Boltzmann constant—approximately 5.67×10 −8 J·K −4 ·m −2 ·s −1
The solar mass (M ☉) is a standard unit of mass in astronomy, equal to approximately 2 × 10 30 kg (2 nonillion kilograms in US short scale). It is approximately equal to the mass of the Sun . It is often used to indicate the masses of other stars , as well as stellar clusters , nebulae , galaxies and black holes .