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A expansion joint, or movement joint, is an assembly designed to hold parts together while safely absorbing temperature-induced expansion and contraction of building materials. They are commonly found between sections of buildings , bridges , sidewalks , railway tracks , piping systems , ships , and other structures.
In landscape architecture, pavements are part of the hardscape and are used on sidewalks, road surfaces, patios, courtyards, etc. The term pavement comes from Latin pavimentum, meaning a floor beaten or rammed down, through Old French pavement. [5] The meaning of a beaten-down floor was obsolete before the word entered English. [6]
Slip joints are common under conditions where temperature changes can cause expansion and contraction that may overstress a structure. These are generally referred to as expansion joints . Bridges and overpasses frequently have sliding joints that allow a deck to move relative to piers or abutments.
The standards are a combination of a variety of expansion joint manufacturers' knowledge and experience. [2] [3] The EJMA organization performs extensive technical research on a variety of topics concerning the design and manufacturing of expansion joints. [4] This knowledge contributes to providing new versions of the EJMA book of standards.
The expansion joint hinges provide for angular movement and will resist pressure thrust forces. [4] Individual hinged expansion joints used in piping systems are restricted to pure angular rotation by its hinges. As a pair, hinged expansion joints will function together to absorb lateral deflection.
The sidewalk is separated from the main street by six bollards in front of the building. Raised wooden sidewalk by a dirt road, Staten Island, N.Y., early 20th century. Sidewalks have operated for at least 4,000 years. [12] The Greek city of Corinth had sidewalks by the 4th-century BC, and the Romans built sidewalks – they called them ...
Highway engineering (also known as roadway engineering and street engineering) is a professional engineering discipline branching from the civil engineering subdiscipline of transportation engineering that involves the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of roads, highways, streets, bridges, and tunnels to ensure safe and effective transportation of people and goods.
An integral bridge contains no expansion joints, spanning monolithically from abutment to abutment. [1] Movement due to thermal expansion and contraction or braking loads is accommodated by the end walls or abutments. [2] [3] Where intermediate supports are specified (e.g. bridge piers) these may also serve to resist thermal expansion movements ...