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The Wollo famine was widely blamed on drought, however was mainly a result of terrible government response, an impoverished social system, and a cover-up by the government. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] A BBC News report [ 9 ] has cited a 1973 estimate that 200,000 deaths occurred, based on a contemporaneous estimate from the Ethiopian Nutrition Institute.
The Relief and Rehabilitation Commission (RRC) is an Ethiopian government agency that was set up in Addis Ababa in the aftermath of the 1973 drought. It played a central role in bringing the 1984 - 1985 famine in Ethiopia to the public's attention, and helped to distribute international aid to the areas in need of help.
The 1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia had a death toll of 1.2 million, leaving "400,000 refugees outside the country, 2.5 million people internally displaced, and almost 200,000 orphans." [20]: 44 [22] The majority of the dead were from Tigray and other parts of northern Ethiopia. [23] 2003 A severe drought affected 13.2 million people in 2002/2003.
In 2022 Ethiopia had one of the most severe La Niña-induced droughts in the last forty years. It came about due to four consecutive rainy seasons which did not produce enough rain. [13] This drought increased water insecurity for more than 8 million pastoralists and agro-pastoralists in the Somali, Oromia, SNNP and South-West regions.
Horrific famines occurred in Ethiopia during the 1970s and 1980s, especially in the northern part of the country where there was a bad drought. Thousands of people died. [citation needed] Deforestation can exacerbate the problems caused by drought because rain is less likely to soak into the soil and replenish ground water. [citation needed]
The drought of 1984–1985 also increasingly impacted the rainfall. In 1981, the rains were 30% below normal. By 1982, the serious drought affected 1.85 million people in Wollo and Tigray provinces. Crop production declined by 12.2% per year from 1982 to 1984. By 1985, the drought produced famine that has equivalent full-scale starvation. [3]
In the mid 1980s Ethiopia experienced its worst famine of the 20th century, leaving 1.2 million dead and 2.5 million internally displaced. [6] While record low rainfall and severe drought were the most immediate cause of the famine, rapid land reform, misguided policy, and years of underproduction created a disproportionate crisis. [16]
The 2020–2023 Horn of Africa drought is a drought that hit the countries of Somalia, Ethiopia, and Kenya. The rainy season of 2022 was recorded to be the driest in over 40 years, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] with an estimated 43,000 in Somalia dying in 2022.