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Since electrical energy is a form of energy that cannot be effectively stored in bulk, it must be generated, distributed, and consumed immediately. When the load on a system approaches the maximum generating capacity, network operators must either find additional supplies of energy or find ways to curtail the load, hence load management.
Plug load is the energy used by products that are powered by means of an ordinary AC plug (e.g., 100, 115, or 230 V). [1] This term generally excludes building energy that is attributed to major end uses ( HVAC , lighting , water heating , etc.) [ 1 ]
Load affects the performance of circuits with respect to output voltages or currents, such as in sensors, voltage sources, and amplifiers. Mains power outlets provide an easy example: they supply power at constant voltage, with electrical appliances connected to the power circuit collectively making up the load.
Figure 2.Greinacher circuit. The Greinacher voltage doubler is a significant improvement over the Villard circuit for a small cost in additional components. The ripple is much reduced, nominally zero under open-circuit load conditions, but when current is being drawn depends on the resistance of the load and the value of the capacitors used.
The main attraction of a TN network is the low impedance earth path allows easy automatic disconnection (ADS) on a high current circuit in the case of a line-to-PE fault as the same breaker or fuse will operate for either L-N or L-PE faults, and an RCD is not needed to detect earth faults.
The load line diagram at right is for a resistive load in a common emitter circuit. The load line shows how the collector load resistor (R L ) constrains the circuit voltage and current. The diagram also plots the transistor's collector current I C versus collector voltage V CE for different values of base current I base .
Schematic representation of the elementary component of a transmission line. The transmission line model is an example of the distributed-element model. It represents the transmission line as an infinite series of two-port elementary components, each representing an infinitesimally short segment of the transmission line:
The Hertzian dipole or elementary doublet refers to a theoretical construction, rather than a physical antenna design: It is an idealized tiny segment of conductor carrying a RF current with constant amplitude and direction along its entire (short) length; a real antenna can be modeled as the combination of many Hertzian dipoles laid end-to-end.