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Table 2 - Hydraulic Cement – production – Africa and Middle East (thousand metric tons) [2] Country: 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004
Reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete (RAAC) is a reinforced version of autoclaved aerated concrete, commonly used in roofing and wall construction. The first structural reinforced roof and floor panels were manufactured in Sweden. Soon after, the first autoclaved aerated concrete block plant started there in 1929.
Concrete has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, and as it matures concrete shrinks. All concrete structures will crack to some extent, due to shrinkage and tension. Concrete which is subjected to long-duration forces is prone to creep. The density of concrete varies, but is around 2,400 kilograms per cubic metre (150 lb/cu ft). [1]
The most common use for portland cement is in the production of concrete. [20] Concrete is a composite material consisting of aggregate (gravel and sand), cement, and water. As a construction material, concrete can be cast in almost any shape desired, and once hardened, can become a structural (load bearing) element.
The output obtained from a site mix concrete plant using a 8/12 mixer is 4 to 5 metric cubes per hour which is 30-60 metric cubes per hour in a ready mix concrete plant. Better handling and proper mixing practice will help reduce the consumption of cement by 10 – 12%.
The placement consisted of 10,251 cubic yards of concrete placed in 58.5 hours using two concrete pumps and two dedicated concrete batch plants. Upon curing, this placement allows the 50,180-square-foot (4,662 m 2 ) cofferdam to be dewatered approximately 26 feet (7.9 m) below sea level to allow the construction of the Inner Harbor Navigation ...
CEMEX Australia was sold to Holcim in June 2009 as part of an AUD 2 billion takeover bid and is now known as Holcim Australia. The deal included the Readymix and Humes business units and CEMEX's 25% stake in Cement Australia (one of Australia's major cement manufacturers) but did not include the US-based Rinker Materials Corporation. [ 2 ]
Concrete has a total embodied energy of 1.69 GJ/tonne, lower per unit mass than most common building materials besides wood. However, concrete structures often have high masses, so this comparison is not always directly relevant to decision making. Additionally, this value is based only on mix proportions of up to 20% fly ash.