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The equipment used for communications over multi-mode optical fiber is less expensive than that for single-mode optical fiber. [1] Typical transmission speed and distance limits are 100 Mbit/s for distances up to 2 km (), 1 Gbit/s up to 1000 m, and 10 Gbit/s up to 550 m.
A special case of modal dispersion is polarization mode dispersion (PMD), a fiber dispersion phenomenon usually associated with single-mode fibers. PMD results when two modes that normally travel at the same speed due to fiber core geometric and stress symmetry (for example, two orthogonal polarizations in a waveguide of circular or square ...
For these reasons, single-mode fibers can have a higher bandwidth than multi-mode fibers. Equipment for single-mode fiber is more expensive than equipment for multi-mode optical fiber, but the single-mode fiber itself is usually cheaper in bulk. [citation needed] Cross section of a single-mode optical fiber patch cord end, taken with a fiberscope.
Fibers that support many propagation paths or transverse modes are called multi-mode fibers, while those that support a single mode are called single-mode fibers (SMF). [7] Multi-mode fibers generally have a wider core diameter [8] and are used for short-distance communication links and for applications where high power must be transmitted. [9]
In fiber-optic communication, an intramodal dispersion, is a category of dispersion that occurs within a single mode optical fiber. [1] This dispersion mechanism is a result of material properties of optical fiber and applies to both single-mode and multi-mode fibers.
Light propagation within the cladding is typically suppressed for most fibers. However, some fibers can support cladding modes in which light propagates through the cladding as well as the core. Depending upon the quantity of modes that are supported, they are referred to as multi-mode fibers and single-mode fibers. [2]
These were used for this purpose in the first U.S. NIST round-robins on multimode fiber. [1] The overfilled launch (OFL) was created to reduce measurement variability, and improve concatenation estimates for multimode fibers, used at that time for telecom 'long haul' (e.g., 7–10 km 850 nm or 20–30 km 1300 nm) systems. [1]
An optical fiber patching cabinet. The yellow cables are single mode fibers; the orange and blue cables are multi-mode fibers: 62.5/125 μm OM1 and 50/125 μm OM3 fibers, respectively.
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