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  2. Calculation of radiocarbon dates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculation_of_radiocarbon...

    C ratio of 1.12372%. [3] δ 13 C for some sample is then calculated by dividing the amount of 13 C by 1.12372% and then subtracting 1 and multiplying by 1000 to give a value in "per mil". [4] A related standard is the use of a δ 13 C of -25 ‰, corresponding to wood, as the value used in normalization.

  3. Isotopes of carbon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_carbon

    Carbon (6 C) has 14 known isotopes, from 8 C to 20 C as well as 22 C, of which 12 C and 13 C are stable.The longest-lived radioisotope is 14 C, with a half-life of 5.70(3) × 10 3 years. . This is also the only carbon radioisotope found in nature, as trace quantities are formed cosmogenically by the reactio

  4. Carbon-14 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-14

    Carbon-14 undergoes beta decay: . 14 6 C → 14 7 N + e − + ν e + 0.156.5 MeV. By emitting an electron and an electron antineutrino, one of the neutrons in carbon-14 decays to a proton and the carbon-14 (half-life of 5700 ± 30 years [1]) decays into the stable (non-radioactive) isotope nitrogen-14.

  5. Gson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gson

    The Gson library was originally developed for internal purposes at Google, with Version 1.0 released on May 22, 2008, under the terms of the Apache License 2.0. The latest version, 2.11, was released on May 20, 2024.

  6. Radiocarbon dating considerations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating...

    [1] [2] Comparison of overlapping series of tree rings allowed the construction of a continuous sequence of tree-ring data that spanned 8,000 years. [1] (Since that time the tree-ring data series has been extended to 13,900 years.) [3] Carbon-dating the wood from the tree rings themselves provided the check needed on the atmospheric 14 C / 12

  7. Cyclocarbon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclocarbon

    Since the compounds are composed only of carbon atoms, they are allotropes of carbon. Possible bonding patterns include all double bonds (a cyclic cumulene) or alternating single bonds and triple bonds (a cyclic polyyne). [1] [2] [3] The first cyclocarbon synthesized is cyclo[18]carbon (C 18). [4]

  8. List of straight-chain alkanes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_straight-chain_alkanes

    1 1 1 CH 4: methane: methyl hydride; natural gas 2 1 1 C 2 H 6: ethane: dimethyl; ethyl hydride; methyl methane 3 1 1 C 3 H 8: propane: dimethyl methane; propyl hydride 4 2 2 C 4 H 10: n-butane: butyl hydride; methylethyl methane 5 3 3 C 5 H 12: n-pentane: amyl hydride; Skellysolve A 6 5 5 C 6 H 14: n-hexane: dipropyl; Gettysolve-B; hexyl ...

  9. List of compounds with carbon number 14 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_compounds_with...

    550-43-6 C 14 H 22 N 2 O: lidocaine: 137-58-6 C 14 H 22 N 2 O: octacaine: 13912-77-1 C 14 H 22 O 6: peroxydicarbonic acid dicyclohexyl ester: 1561-49-5 C 14 H 23 N 7 O 8: heptaglycine: 18861-82-0 C 14 H 23 O 4 P: dibutyl phenyl phosphate: 2528-36-1 C 14 H 24: perhydrophenanthrene: 5743-97-5 C 14 H 24 NO 4 PS 3: bensulide: 741-58-2 C 14 H 24 O 2 ...