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Aboard ship a dead reckoning plot is considered important in evaluating position information and planning the movement of the vessel. [8] Dead reckoning begins with a known position, or fix, which is then advanced, mathematically or directly on the chart, by means of recorded heading, speed, and time. Speed can be determined by many methods.
Navigation and location of the ship by geopositioning techniques based on the observation of the stars and other celestial bodies. The variables measured to find the location are: the observed angular height of the stars above the horizon , measured with the sextant (formerly with the astrolabe or other instrument), and the time , measured with ...
Figure 1: Rangekeeper Coordinate System. The coordinate system has the target as its origin. The y axis value range to the target. US Navy rangekeepers during World War II used a moving coordinate system based on the line of sight (LOS) between the ship firing its gun (known as the "own ship") and the target (known as the "target").
When a vessel (ship or boat) is within radar range of land or fixed objects (such as special radar aids to navigation and navigation marks) the navigator can take distances and angular bearings to charted objects and use these to establish arcs of position and lines of position on a chart. [32]
Navigation systems therefore take multiple inputs from many different sensors, both internal to the system and/or external (ex. ground based update). Kalman filter provides the most common approach to combining navigation data (from multiple sensors) to resolve current position. Guidance is the "driver" of a vehicle.
A Dead Reckoning, DR, is calculated by using a previously determined position on a chart, and advancing that position based on known or estimated speed over a set amount of time. This can be calculated by using the formula Speed = Distance ÷ Time. [3] Once an advance position has been plotted, then set and drift can be factored in.
The methods and materials may vary, but the provision of information & options to a leader remain the same. Some control, assistance, and coordination functions may be delegated to the CIC staff or directly to the CIC officer, such as overseeing the mode and prioritization of sensor resources such as radar monitoring, targeting, or sonar ...
The subdivision of passenger ships into watertight compartments so that after damage to its hull, a vessel will remain afloat and stable. [2] This includes compliance with the International Code on Intact Stability Chapter II-2 – Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction