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An intravenous pyelogram is used to look for problems relating to the urinary tract. [5] These may include blockages or narrowing, such as due to kidney stones, cancer (such as renal cell carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma), enlarged prostate glands, and anatomical variations, [5] such as a medullary sponge kidney. [6]
Renal ultrasonography (Renal US) is the examination of one or both kidneys using medical ultrasound. Ultrasonography of the kidneys is essential in the diagnosis and management of kidney-related diseases. The kidneys are easily examined, and most pathological changes in the kidneys are distinguishable with ultrasound.
Also, early post-transplantation renography is used for the assessment of delayed graft function. [16] [17] The use of the test to identify reduced kidney function after test doses of captopril (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor medication) has also been used to identify the cause of hypertension in patients with kidney failure.
Post-void residual volume: Most tests begin with the insertion of a urinary catheter/transducer following complete bladder emptying by the patient. The urine volume is measured (this shows how efficiently the bladder empties). High volumes (180 ml) may be associated with urinary tract infections. [5]
Ultrasound involves a probe that is placed near a structure and uses the transmission of ultrasound waves through a structure to produce images, after computer processing. [1] Ultrasound of the urinary tract is performed by a probe placed on the abdominal wall, called a transducer. [1] This occurs while a person is lying down. [1]
Haematuria (blood in urine) may also occur after the procedure. [2] With respect to post-procedural urinary tract infection, the risk has been found to be sufficiently low, except in patients with a pre-existing urologic diagnosis, that pre-operative antibiotic use is not considered a necessary adjunct. [5]
Intravascular non-ablative ultrasound Therapeutic ultrasound of heart Anti-restenotic ultrasound; Intravascular non-ablative ultrasound Therapeutic ultrasound of peripheral vascular vessels Anti-restenotic ultrasound; Intravascular non-ablative ultrasound Other therapeutic ultrasound Pharamaceuticals
The exact area is then located by ultrasound. Local anesthetic infiltration is used to numb the area. Then a needle would pass through to make the puncture on the kidney. Then, urine from the kidney is aspirated and check for its contents. If the urine is clear, dye will be injected to delineate the renal pelvis and renal calyx. If the urine is ...