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Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) is an organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. [1] DDD is a metabolite of DDT . [ 2 ] DDD is colorless and crystalline; [ 3 ] it is closely related chemically and is similar in properties to DDT, but it is considered to be less toxic to animals than DDT. [ 4 ]
DDE has been shown to be toxic to rats at 79.6 mg/kg. [4] DDE and its parent, DDT, are reproductive toxicants for certain birds species, and major reasons for the decline of the bald eagle, [5] brown pelican [6] peregrine falcon, and osprey. [7]
The tension failure loads predicted by the CCD method fits experimental results over a wide range of embedment depth (e.g. 100 – 600 mm). [2] Anchor load bearing capacity provided by ACI 349 does not consider size effect, thus an underestimated value for the load-carrying capacity is obtained for large embedment depths.
The American Concrete Institute (ACI, formerly National Association of Cement Users or NACU) is a non-profit technical society and standards developing organization. ACI was founded in January 1905 during a convention in Indianapolis. [1] [2] The Institute's headquarters are currently located in Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA. ACI's mission is ...
Division 01 — General Requirements; Facility Construction Subgroup. Division 02 — Existing Conditions; Division 03 — Concrete; Division 04 — Masonry; Division 05 — Metals; Division 06 — Wood, Plastics, and Composites; Division 07 — Thermal and Moisture Protection; Division 08 — Openings; Division 09 — Finishes; Division 10 ...
A clear distinction is made between the ultimate state (US) and the ultimate limit state (ULS). The Ultimate State is a physical situation that involves either excessive deformations leading and approaching collapse of the component under consideration or the structure as a whole, as relevant, or deformations exceeding pre-agreed values.
The required concrete cover depends on several factors, including the environmental conditions to which the structure will be exposed, the size of the reinforcing steel, the concrete strength, and the type of structure being constructed. Generally, larger diameter reinforcement bars require more concrete cover than smaller ones.
Oxide jacking has caused concrete spalling on walls of the Herbst Pavilion at Fort Mason Center in San Francisco. The expansive force of rusting, which may be called oxide jacking or rust burst, is a phenomenon that can cause damage to structures made of stone, masonry, concrete or ceramics, and reinforced with metal components.