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A tire-pressure monitoring system (TPMS) monitors the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires on vehicles. [1] A TPMS reports real-time tire-pressure information to the driver, using either a gauge, a pictogram display, or a simple low-pressure warning light. TPMS can be divided into two different types – direct (dTPMS) and indirect (iTPMS).
A U.S. Army soldier deploying a stinger at a vehicle checkpoint in Iraq. A spike strip (also referred to as a spike belt, road spikes, traffic spikes, tire shredders, stingers, stop sticks, by the trademark Stinger or formally known as a Tire Deflation Device or TDD) is a device or incident weapon used to impede or stop the movement of wheeled vehicles by puncturing their tires.
Reducing tire pressure also reduces the extent to which the tires grind against loose surfaces, significantly reducing dust and silt. Another function of CTIS is to maintain tire pressure if there is a slow leak or puncture. In this case, the system controls inflation automatically based on the selected pressure the driver has set. [1]
Created Date: 8/30/2012 4:52:52 PM
The stimuli in some time window preceding each spike (here consisting of 3 time bins) are selected (color boxes) and then averaged to obtain the STA. The STA indicates that this neuron is selective for a bright spot of light just before the spike, in the top-left corner of the checkerboard.
Hans Bastiaan Pacejka (12 September 1934 – 17 September 2017) [1] was an expert in vehicle system dynamics and particularly in tire dynamics, fields in which his works are now standard references. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] He was Professor emeritus at Delft University of Technology in Delft , Netherlands .
The hollow spikes puncture self-sealing rubber tires. The hole in the center allows air to escape even if other ends of the tube are sealed by soft ground. Inventors patented caltrop-like devices to deflate vehicle tires in a manner useful to law enforcement agencies or the military. [18] [19] They are currently used by the military and police. [5]
Example of the slip angle curve obtained from a Pacejka Magic Formula empirical tire model. In vehicle dynamics, a tire model is a type of multibody simulation used to simulate the behavior of tires. In current vehicle simulator models, the tire model is the weakest and most difficult part to simulate. [1] [2]