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Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of movement disorders that appear in early childhood. [1] Signs and symptoms vary among people and over time, [1] [3] but include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors. [1] There may be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, and speech. [1]
Cerebral atrophy is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain. [1] Atrophy of any tissue means a decrement in the size of the cell, which can be due to progressive loss of cytoplasmic proteins. In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neurons and the connections between them.
It has been argued that people with cerebral palsy need to maintain a higher level of fitness than the general population to offset loss of functionality as they age. [9] Access to exercise can often depend on the caregivers' perception of whether it will benefit the person with CP, [ 10 ] or barriers in the community. [ 11 ]
The upper motor neuron syndrome signs are seen in conditions where motor areas in the brain and/or spinal cord are damaged or fail to develop normally. These include spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis and acquired brain injury including stroke.
Older children and adults with atypical neurology (e.g., people with cerebral palsy) may retain these reflexes and primitive reflexes may reappear in adults. Reappearance may be attributed to certain neurological conditions including dementia (especially in a rare set of diseases called frontotemporal degenerations), traumatic lesions , and ...
This is in contrast to most stroke patients, who typically prefer to bear more weight on their nonhemiparetic side. Pusher syndrome can vary in severity and leads to a loss of postural balance. [2] The lesion involved in this syndrome is thought to be in the posterior thalamus on either side, or in multiple areas of the right cerebral ...
In 1983, classification for cerebral palsy competitors in this sport was done by the Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association. [9] Classification was done at this time based on weight. [10] By the early 1990s, powerlifting classification had moved away from medical based system to a functional classification system. [11]
The incidence of cerebral palsy has increased in the past 40 years. It has been estimated that, in the United States, cerebral palsy occurs in four out of every 1000 births. [11] Of those births, about 20–30% have spastic hemiplegia. Overall, spasticity is the more common type of cerebral palsy and non-spastic cerebral palsy is less common.