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The Four Deputies (Arabic: ٱلنُّوَّاب ٱلْأَرْبَعَة, an-Nuwwāb al-ʾArbaʿah) were the four individuals who are believed by the Twelvers to have successively represented their twelfth Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, during his Minor Occultation (874–941 CE).
Abu al-Qasim al-Husayn ibn Ruh Nawbakhti (Arabic: أَبُو ٱلْقَاسِم ٱلْحُسَيْن ٱبْن رُوح ٱلنَّوْبَخْتِيّ, ʾAbū al-Qāsim al-Ḥusayn ibn Rūḥ an-Nawbakhtīy) was the third of the Four Deputies, who are believed by the Twelvers to have successively represented their Hidden Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, during his Minor Occultation (874–941 CE).
The simplified description of the hierarchy (hudūd) of the organization of the Ismaili da'wah was as follows: [1] [2] [3] Nāṭiq (ناطق), the messenger-propher. Waṣī (وصي), the prophet's "legatee". Imām (امام). The absolute head of the da'wah organization. All senior appointments had to be approved by him.
Abu Ja'far in this role succeeded his father, Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Asadi, the first deputy. After some forty years in office, Abu Ja'far died in 304 or 305 AH (917 or 918 CE) and was succeeded by Ibn Ruh al-Nawbakhti, the third deputy. Abu Ja'far has been credited with the unification of the mainstream Shia.
Lasiqs had to swear a special oath of obedience to the Imam. Fidā'ī (فدائی, literally "self-sacrificer") Imam and da'is were the elites, while the majority of the sect consisted of the last three grades who were peasants and artisans. [1] Other titles include:
The Grand Imam of al-Azhar is the most prominent official religious role in Egypt. [1] [2] Prior to the establishment of the post under the Ottoman Empire, the holder of that position was named Mushrif then later a Nazir. [3] Between 1860 and 1864 a board of scholars served the role as Grand Imam. [4]
For some workouts, Watson has his milers complete five 600-meter intervals at slightly more than a target mile pace, so times between 1:27 and 1:31 per rep. Runners get about 90 seconds to two ...
Imams thus perfectly knew exoteric aspects of the religion, such as tradition and jurisprudence, and its esoteric aspects, such as hidden and allegorical interpretations of the Quran, [67] to the point that imam is also called the “speaking Quran.” [68] The near consensus among Twelver scholars is that imams did not have knowledge of the ...