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About 1.7 million Americans ages 12 and older were estimated to be kratom users in 2021. In smaller doses, kratom can produce stimulant effects, according to the Centers for Disease Control and ...
Kratom has opioid-like properties and some stimulant-like effects. [7] [8] As of 2018, the efficacy and safety of kratom are unclear. [9] In 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated that there is no evidence that kratom is safe or effective for treating any condition. [10]
U.S Marshalls seized $3 million worth of kratom. The FDA continues to warn about kratom supplement use, saying it is unsafe, but millions of Americans reporting using it.
Mitragynine is an indole-based alkaloid and is one of the main psychoactive constituents in the Southeast Asian plant Mitragyna speciosa, commonly known as kratom. [4] It is an opioid that is typically consumed as a part of kratom for its pain-relieving and euphoric effects.
This is true for Michael Eatmon, a kratom consumer who served in the U.S. Navy as a member of Seal Team 8, according to a testimonial published by the American Kratom Association.
7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH) is a terpenoid indole alkaloid from the plant Mitragyna speciosa, commonly known as kratom. [2] It was first described in 1994 [3] and is a human metabolite metabolized from mitragynine present in the Mitragyna speciosa. 7-OH binds to opioid receptors like mitragynine, but research suggests that 7-OH binds with greater efficacy.
Kidney toxicity [5] associated with kidney failure; associated with development of cancer, particularly of the urinary tract, known carcinogen [8] [9] Atractylate Atractylis gummifera: Liver damage, [3] nausea, vomiting, epigastric and abdominal pain, diarrhoea, anxiety, headache and convulsions, often followed by coma [10]
The FDA tested 30 different kratom products in 2019 and found "significant levels" of lead and nickel in them, which researchers said could cause heavy metal poisoning if consumed over the long term.