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2. Fold (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(higher-order_function)

   Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...

3. Pairing heap - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pairing_heap

   Pairing heaps are heap-ordered multiway tree structures, and can be considered simplified Fibonacci heaps. They are considered a "robust choice" for implementing such algorithms as Prim's MST algorithm, [2] and support the following operations (assuming a min-heap): find-min: simply return the top element of the heap.

4. Stack (abstract data type) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_(abstract_data_type)

   The first element, usually at the zero offset, is the bottom, resulting in array[0] being the first element pushed onto the stack and the last element popped off. The program must keep track of the size (length) of the stack, using a variable top that records the number of items pushed so far, therefore pointing to the place in the array where ...

5. Tuple - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuple

   A 1-tuple and a 2-tuple are commonly called a singleton and an ordered pair, respectively. The term "infinite tuple" is occasionally used for "infinite sequences". Tuples are usually written by listing the elements within parentheses "( )" and separated by commas; for example, (2, 7, 4, 1, 7) denotes a 5-tuple. Other types of brackets are ...

6. Ordered pair - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordered_pair

   Ordered pairs are also called 2-tuples, or sequences (sometimes, lists in a computer science context) of length 2. Ordered pairs of scalars are sometimes called 2-dimensional vectors. (Technically, this is an abuse of terminology since an ordered pair need not be an element of a vector space.)

7. The history and meaning behind traditional Christmas colors

   www.aol.com/news/history-meaning-behind...

   Learn about the history and meaning behind traditional Christmas colors: red, green, gold, white and purple. Experts explain their origins and significace.

8. List of Java bytecode instructions - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Java_bytecode...

   create new array with count elements of primitive type identified by atype: nop 00 0000 0000 [No change] perform no operation pop 57 0101 0111 value → discard the top value on the stack pop2 58 0101 1000 {value2, value1} → discard the top two values on the stack (or one value, if it is a double or long) putfield b5 1011 0101

9. Array (data structure) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array_(data_structure)

   For that reason, the elements of an array data structure are required to have the same size and should use the same data representation. The set of valid index tuples and the addresses of the elements (and hence the element addressing formula) are usually, [3] [5] but not always, [2] fixed while the array is in use.