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In political science, parallel voting or superposition refers to the use of two or more electoral systems to elect different members of a legislature. More precisely, an electoral system is a superposition if it is a mixture of at least two tiers, which do not interact with each other in any way; one part of a legislature is elected using one method, while another part is elected using a ...
Vote linkage systems can be compared to the mixed-member proportional systems (MMP)/ additional member system (AMS) and the common form of mixed-member majoritarian representation, parallel voting. Like in parallel voting, a party that can gerrymander local districts can win more than its share of seats. So parallel systems need fair criteria ...
The two linked parties could then co-ordinate their campaign and work together within the legislature, while remaining legally separate entities. The result of this approach, if it is used by all parties, would be to transform MMP into a de facto parallel voting mechanism. An example could be seen in the 2007 Lesotho general election.
MSV is a type of mixed systems using only a single vote that serves both as a vote for a local candidate and as a party list vote, split ticket voting is not possible. The system was used in Germany in a mixed proportional system, [ 12 ] and is currently used in Hungary as a semi-proportional system as well as Italy in a non-compensatory system.
Semi-proportional voting systems are generally used as a compromise between complex and expensive but more-proportional systems (like the single transferable vote) and simple winner-take-all systems. [2] [3] Examples of semi-proportional systems include the single non-transferable vote, limited voting, and parallel voting.
This is distinct from other mixed electoral systems that use parallel voting (superposition) or compensatory voting. For example, the rural-urban proportional (RUP) proposal for British Columbia involved the use of a fully proportional system of list-PR or STV in urban regions, combined with MMP in rural regions. [3]
Quick count is a method for verification of election results by projecting them from a sample of the polling stations.. The similar Parallel Vote Tabulation (PVT) is an election observation method that is typically based on a representative random sample of polling stations and is employed for independent verification (or challenge) of election results.
A party-list system is a type of electoral system that formally involves political parties in the electoral process, usually to facilitate multi-winner elections.In party-list systems, parties put forward a list of candidates, the party-list who stand for election on one ticket.