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Contextual performance consists of four elements: persistence of enthusiasm, assistance to others, rule and proscribed procedure following, and openly defending the organizations objectives. [4] OCB and contextual performance share their defining attributes as they both consist of behaviors other than those needed to perform the routine ...
Group cohesiveness, also called group cohesion, social harmony or social cohesion, is the degree or strength of bonds linking members of a social group to one another and to the group as a whole. [1]
Civic virtue represents an employee's feeling of being part of the organizational whole in the same way a citizen feels a part of his or her country. An employee displaying civic virtue behaviors embraces the responsibilities of being a ‘citizen’ of the organization (Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Paine, & Bachrach, 2000).
Civic engagement can take many forms—from individual volunteerism, community engagement efforts, organizational involvement, and electoral participation.These engagements may include directly addressing a problem through personal work, community based, or work through the institutions of representative democracy. [4]
Civil discourse is the practice of deliberating about matters of public concern in a way that seeks to expand knowledge and promote understanding. The word "civil" relates directly to civic in the sense of being oriented toward public life, [1] [2] and less directly to civility, in the sense of mere politeness.
For Sarason, psychological sense of community is "the perception of similarity to others, an acknowledged interdependence with others, a willingness to maintain this interdependence by giving to or doing for others what one expects from them, and the feeling that one is part of a larger dependable and stable structure".
Work engagement is the "harnessing of organization member's selves to their work roles: in engagement, people employ and express themselves physically, cognitively, emotionally and mentally during role performances". [1]: 694 Three aspects of work motivation are cognitive, emotional and physical engagement. [2]
Changing patterns of civic engagement in the U.S. [12] [13] [14] The effects of coming of age during the second-wave feminist movement in the U.S. on feminist identity [15] Explaining the rise of same-sex marriage in the United States [16] The effects of the Chinese Cultural Revolution on youth political activism [17]